Is it difficult for you to start studying at 25-30-35-40-45? Not corporate, not paid according to the “office pays” tariff, not forced and once under-received higher education, but independent? Sit down at your desk with the books and textbooks you have chosen, in the face of your strict self, and master what you need or wanted to master so much that you simply don’t have the strength to live without this knowledge? This is perhaps one of the most difficult intellectual processes of adult life: the brain is creaking, there is little time, everything is distracting, and the motivation is not always clear. Self-education is an important element in the life of absolutely any professional, but it is fraught with certain difficulties. Let's figure out how best to organize this process so as not to push yourself and get results.
This is the last part of the cycle “Live and Learn”:
Part 1. School and career guidance Part 2. University Part 3. Additional education Part 4. Education at work Part 5. Self-education
Share your experience in the comments - maybe, thanks to the efforts of the RUVDS team and Habr readers, training will turn out to be a little more conscious, correct and fruitful.
What is self-education?
Self-education is self-motivated learning, during which you focus on acquiring the knowledge that you think you need most at the moment.
Motivation can be completely different: career growth, a new promising job, the desire to learn something interesting to you, the desire to move into a new field, etc. Self-education is possible at any stage of life: a schoolchild fanatically studies geography and buys all the books and maps, a student immerses himself in studying microcontroller programming and fills his apartment with incredible DIY things, an adult tries to “enter IT”, or finally get out of it and become cool designer, animator, photographer, etc. Fortunately, our world is quite open and self-education without paper can bring not only pleasure, but also income.
For the purposes of our article, we will look at the self-education of an adult working person - it’s very cool: busy with work, family, friends and other attributes of adult life, people find time and begin to study JavaScript, Python, neurolinguistics, photography or probability theory. Why, how, what will it give? Isn’t it time for you to sit down with books (the Internet, etc.)?
Creating a plan
Many people are interested in where to start self-education. The plan, or rather its preparation, is the most important stage, the foundation, without which all thoughts will simply collapse and will not be brought to life.
Of course, the top of your plan should be the goal you choose before you start educating yourself. But achieving it is a very difficult and long process. It’s impossible to get to the very top of the mountain just like that. You need to make rest stops, and it is advisable to assign their places yourself.
Do you want to know the structure of a car engine? In one week, study the structure of the carburetor. On the next one, pay attention to the gearbox and so on. As a result, in a few weeks you will be able to talk with your eyes closed about how the engine works and how it works.
It's the same with languages. For example, every day you should learn 5 new words, and once a week - a new rule. This load seems (and is) very small. But imagine what will happen in a year: knowing almost 2 thousand new words and 50 rules, you can easily communicate with an ordinary native speaker of this language, even if not on professional topics.
The same principle applies if you are wondering where to start educating yourself as a lawyer. Make it a habit to study ten articles a day. Not necessarily verbatim, the main thing is to remember their number and meaning.
And most importantly, the schedule is drawn up for your convenience. But you cannot get out of it, because self-discipline is the only way to benefit from self-education. Any procrastination, statements like “I won’t do it today, but tomorrow I’ll do double the norm,” although justified in some cases, most often is simply the beginning of the end. Well, if you abandon self-education halfway, you shouldn’t hope that it will be useful.
Black hole
Self-education, having begun as a hobby, easily develops into a black hole and absorbs time, energy, money, occupies thoughts, distracts from work - because it is a motivated hobby. To avoid this situation, it is important to come to an agreement with yourself and your educational impulse even before starting classes with yourself.
- Indicate the context of self-education - why you decided to do this, what you will get in the end.
Think carefully about how the new information will fit into your education and work, and what practical benefits you will get from the classes. For example, you want to study psychology and are a fan of cars, which means you choose which books to buy, what to immerse yourself in, which university to go to for additional education in the future. Okay, let's try to agree: if you delve into the car business, you can go to a car service center or create your own. Cool! Do you have investments, a unique offer that will set you apart from the rest, how will you work with competitors? Oh, just to repair your car, well, that’s interesting! And you have a garage, but if you pull the injection engine, what time do you have? Wouldn't it be easier to go to a service center and watch an F1 race? Plan B is psychology. For myself? Not bad, it will improve your soft skills in any case. For the future? Quite - for raising your children or organizing a career guidance office for teenagers and students, so that they don’t get too hung up on the market. Logical, profitable, reasonable. - Set goals for self-education: what do you want to study and why, what will this process give you for: pleasure, income, communication, career, family, etc. It will be great if the goals are not just outlined, but developed as a step-by-step training plan.
- Be sure to indicate the boundaries of knowledge - how much information you have to master. Every subject, every narrow branch of knowledge has an immeasurable depth of study, and you can simply drown in information and attempts to grasp the immensity. Therefore, draw up a curriculum for yourself that will indicate the subject areas you need, the boundaries of study, mandatory topics, and sources of information. This can be done, for example, using the mind maps editor. Of course, you will move away from this plan as you master the topic, but it will not allow you to fall into the depths of the accompanying information (for example, while studying Python, you suddenly decide to go deeper into mathematics, begin to delve into complex theorems, immerse yourself in the history of mathematics, etc. , and this will be a departure from the plan into a new interest - the true enemy of a person engaged in self-education).
Don't forget to repeat
Repetition is the mother of learning. Everyone remembers this, but only those who achieve success apply it in practice. On first reading, most people remember about half of the material, and the lion's share of this information will soon be forgotten. If, after some time, you re-read the material that interests you, you will assimilate up to 90-95% of the information, and the risk of forgetting something will sharply decrease.
Create a suitable schedule. For example, 20-25% of the time allocated for self-education should be devoted to repeating the material covered. Some may think it is stupid to waste so much precious time, during which you can learn additional important information. But remember: you are working for yourself. This means that all important material should be remembered, and not read and immediately forgotten. There will be no exam, after which useless knowledge can be forgotten. You create the program yourself and know that all the data read (listened to or viewed) by you must be assimilated, if not forever, then for many years.
Pros of self-education
You can try new non-standard teaching methods
: combine them, test them, choose the most comfortable one for yourself (reading, video lectures, notes, studying by the hour or at intervals, etc.). In addition, you can easily change your training program if the technology changes (for example, mercilessly quit C# and switch to Swift). You will always be relevant within the learning process.
Depth of training
— since there are no restrictions on classroom time and the teacher’s knowledge, you can study the material from all sides, focusing on those points that you need. But be careful - you can bury yourself in information and thereby slow down the whole process (or even quit).
Self-education is inexpensive or even free.
You pay for books (the most expensive part), for courses and lectures, for access to certain resources, etc. In principle, training can be made completely free - you can find high-quality free materials on the Internet, but without books the process will lose quality.
You can work with information at your own pace
- write down, draw diagrams and graphs, return to already mastered material in order to deepen it, clarify unclear points and close gaps.
Self-discipline skills develop
— you learn to organize your work and free time, negotiate with colleagues and family. Oddly enough, after a month of strict time management, a moment comes when you realize that there is more time.
We are looking for like-minded people
Some experts will answer the question: “Where to start self-education?” in a rather original way: by searching for like-minded people. They don't have to be physically close. Online dating (today there are many specialized forums) will also help. And this applies to any person. It doesn’t matter what the goal of self-education is - the formation of the principles of ecological culture of preschoolers or training in virtuoso wood carving.
Without like-minded people, learning new things is much more difficult. After all, most people would rather laugh at your attempts to become better; they themselves have probably never made such attempts and will never make them. But a person with whom you can talk about a new general topic will always support you.
If you start learning new things at the same time, there is also a competitive effect: everyone wants to get ahead of their friend, to show that they are better at coping with the task.
Finally, a very effective technique: promise a like-minded person “not to leave the track.” You can always justify to yourself why you didn’t prepare a new dish or didn’t learn words as planned. And when you deceive another person, you will always experience discomfort. This means you will try to prevent this from happening.
Disadvantages of self-education
In Russian realities, the most important disadvantage is the attitude of employers who require confirmation of your qualifications
: real projects or educational documents. This does not mean that the company’s management is bad and disloyal - it means that it has already encountered such “educated people” who ran away from trainings on how to earn a million in a day. Therefore, it’s worth getting real reviews on projects (if you are a designer, advertiser, copywriter, etc.) or a good pet project on GitHub that will clearly demonstrate your development skills. But it is best, based on the results of the self-educational process, to go to courses or to a university and receive a certificate/diploma - alas, for now there is more faith in him than in our knowledge.
Limited areas for self-education.
There are many, many of them, but there are groups of specialties that cannot be mastered independently for work, and not “for oneself” and one’s own interest. These include all branches of medicine, motor transport and the transport sector in general, oddly enough - sales, many blue-collar specialties, engineering, etc. That is, you can master all the textbooks, standards, manuals, etc., but at the moment when you have to be ready for practical actions, you will find yourself a helpless amateur.
For example, you can know all the anatomy, pharmacology, master all treatment protocols, understand diagnostic methods, learn to recognize diseases, read tests and even select a treatment plan for common pathologies, but as soon as you, God forbid, encounter a stroke in a person, ascites, with pulmonary embolism - that's all, the only thing you will be able to do is dial 03 with wet pens and drive away the onlookers. You will even understand what happened, but you will not be able to help. If, of course, you are a sane person.
Little motivation.
Yes, self-education at first is the most motivated type of learning, but in the future your motivation will continue to depend only on you and your desire, and not on the alarm clock. This means that your motivation factor will be household chores, entertainment, overtime, mood, etc. Quite quickly, breaks begin, days and weeks are missed, and you may have to start studying again a couple of times. In order not to deviate from the plan, you need an iron will and self-discipline.
It's hard to concentrate.
In general, the degree of concentration greatly depends on the place where you are going to study. If you live with a family and they are not used to respecting your space and time, consider yourself unlucky - your impulses to learn will quickly eat up your conscience, which will force you to help your parents and play with your children. For some, my option is more suitable - to study in the office after work, but this requires the absence of chatty employees and permission from management (however, out of 4 times I never had to face misunderstanding).
Be sure to organize your workplace and time - the atmosphere should be educational, businesslike, because in essence these are the same classes, but with a high level of self-confidence. Wouldn’t it occur to you to suddenly open YouTube or watch the next part of a good TV series at the second higher level?
There is no tutor, no mentor, no one corrects your mistakes, no one shows how easier it is to master the material.
You may misunderstand some part of the material, and these erroneous judgments will continue to create a lot of problems in further learning. There are not many ways out: the first is to double-check all dubious places in different sources until it is completely clear; the second is to find a mentor among friends or at work so that you can ask him questions. By the way, your studies are not their headache, so formulate questions clearly and concisely in advance in order to get the correct answer and not waste someone else’s time. And of course, nowadays there is another option: ask questions on Toaster, Quora, Stack Overflow, etc. This is a very good practice that will allow you not only to find the truth, but also to evaluate different approaches to it.
Self-education doesn't end there
- you will be haunted by a feeling of incompleteness, lack of information. On the one hand, this will stimulate you to study the issue even deeper and become a pumped-up specialist, on the other hand, it can slow down your development due to doubts about your own competence.
The advice is simple: as soon as you understand the basics, look for ways to put your knowledge into practice (internships, your own projects, company help, etc. - there are plenty of options). This way, you will be able to evaluate the practical value of everything you study, you will understand what is in demand by the market or a real project, and what is just a beautiful theory.
Self-education has an important social nuance
: you learn outside of a social environment and interaction with others is minimized, achievements are not assessed, there is no criticism and no rewards, there is no competition. And if in mathematics and development this is for the better, then in learning languages “silence” and isolation are bad allies. Plus, studying on your own delays deadlines and reduces your chances of getting into a job in the field you're studying.
Choosing a time
If we continue the topic “Where should a person begin to educate himself,” then in no case should we ignore the choice of the optimal time. You should not hope that you will read the necessary literature or listen to lectures when you have time. This is a failed path in advance. There will never be time, you can believe it. There is always some urgent and extremely important matter.
So decide that every day (or just on weekdays) you will read or listen to selected books while jogging, driving to or from work, one hour before bed. It is very important not to get out of this schedule. Over time, there will definitely be a desire to postpone the matter or give yourself a little indulgence. If you are led by your laziness, you can immediately give up self-education, which means this is not for you.
Sources for self-education
In general, self-education can take any form - you can cram the material in the evenings, you can interact with it at the first opportunity in every free minute, you can take courses or get a second higher education and continuously independently deepen the knowledge acquired there.
But there is a set without which self-education is simply impossible - no matter what online schools, Skype teachers and coaches say. Books.
It doesn’t matter whether you study psychology, anatomy, programming or tomato agricultural technology, nothing can replace books. You will need three types of books to study any field:
- The classic basic textbook
is boring and cumbersome, but with a good structure of information, a well-thought-out curriculum, correct definitions, wording and the right emphasis on basic things and some subtleties. (Although there are also non-boring textbooks - for example, Schildt’s excellent reference books on C/C++). - Hardcore professional publications
(like Stroustrup or Tanenbaum) are deep books that need to be read with a pencil, pen, notebook and a pack of sticky notes. Those publications that you need to understand and from which you will gain deep theoretical knowledge and the basics of practice. - Scientific books on the topic
(such as “Python for Dummies”, “How the Brain Works”, etc.) are books that are interesting to read, that are easy to remember, and that explain the operation of the most complex systems and categories in a straightforward manner. Be careful: in our times of rampant infogypsy, you can run into charlatans in any field, so read carefully about the author - it’s better if he’s a scientist at some university, a practitioner, and preferably a foreign author; for some reason unknown to me, they write very coolly, even in very good translations).
It is important to understand that there are areas where foreign authors are, for the most part, completely useless, such as law and accounting. But in such areas (as, indeed, in others) it is worth remembering that any industry operates in a legal framework and it would be a good idea to study the basic legal acts
. For example, if you decide to become a trader, it is not enough for you to install QUIK and take the BCS online course; it is important to study the legislation related to the circulation of securities, the website of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the tax and civil code. There you will find accurate and comprehensive answers to your questions. If you find it difficult to interpret, look for comments in periodicals and legal systems.
Notebook, pen.
Write notes, even if you hate them and the computer is your friend. Firstly, you will remember the material better, and secondly, turning to material designed in your own way is much easier and faster than looking for something in a book or video. Try not to just roll out the text as is, but structure the information: draw diagrams, develop icons for lists, a system for marking sections, etc.
Pencil, stickers.
Make notes in the margins of the books and place sticky notes on the relevant pages, writing a description of why that page needs to be consulted. It greatly facilitates repeated reference and improves memorization.
English language.
You may not speak it, but reading it is highly advisable, especially if you are self-studying in the IT field. Now I really want to be a patriot, but many books have been written much better than Russian ones - in the IT sphere, in stock exchange and brokerage, in economics and management, and even in medicine, biology and psychology. If you really have trouble with the language, look for a good translation - as a rule, these are books from large publishers. The originals can be purchased electronically and in print from Amazon.
Lectures on the Internet
— there are a lot of them on university websites, on YouTube, in specialized groups on social networks, etc. Choose, listen, take notes, advise others - choosing an adequate course is very difficult!
If we are talking about programming, then your faithful assistants are Habr, Medium, Toaster, Stack Overflow, GitHub
, as well as various projects for learning how to write code such as Codecademy, freeCodeCamp, Udemy, etc.
Periodicals
— try to find online and read specialized magazines to know what your industry is about, what people are its leaders (as a rule, they are the ones who write articles).
For the most stubborn people there is another superpower - free attendance at university classes
. You negotiate with the faculty you need and sit quietly listening to lectures that you need or are interested in. To be honest, it’s a little scary to approach for the first time, rehearse your motivation at home, but they very rarely refuse. But this requires a lot of free time.
Target
If you want to learn, first understand why.
I want to become a professional internet marketer – that’s my goal.
I want to defend my dissertation on marketing – that’s my goal.
I want to improve my knowledge of marketing - that’s not the goal. Where exactly should I pull them? Towards a dissertation or towards practical work? The path to them is different. One will have to storm the history and philosophy of marketing and learn to conduct marketing analysis in his head. The second one needs a textbook on Yandex.Metrica and SEO.
I want to learn to read Chinese.
I want to learn how to cook haute cuisine.
I want to study postmodern philosophy.
What do you want? Be specific.
How to create your own self-learning system
Behind every success is a system or strategy. It helps both at the learning stage and during work. A self-learning system is a systematic way of weeding out unnecessary information and remembering what is most necessary. You've probably made attempts to learn something: a programming language or a foreign language. And, most likely, you didn’t have a special strategy: a minimum of free time and hope for a ready-made guide or list of books. You started to study, but at the same time you intuitively understood that you were doing something wrong. You simply lacked your system. And the sooner you start it, the faster you will begin to benefit. Read more…
8
We teach
This is Petya.
Petya collected a selection of materials on the topic, but did not read it. A very stupid thing to do. Don't be like Petya. No, in reality, everyone usually merges at this stage. They collect a selection and then forget and don’t read it.
I talk about motivation below, but for now there are some useful things for those who still decide to study:
The Learning How to Learn course is the most famous and useful course for those who study. Talks about useful learning techniques and helps you better structure and remember information.
Articles:
- How to learn to understand and remember information. A little about fragmentation
- What's stopping you from studying?
- How to remember numbers, dates and formulas. Mnemonics techniques
Lifehack. The Internet is full of useless, stupid and simply unnecessary articles. In order not to waste extra time reading waste paper, first look through the material diagonally to assess whether it really contains useful information or is just empty chatter.
Kinds
What is it, and what advantages of self-education have you already understood, now I want to introduce you to its variety:
- Household. Learning something during leisure time or to perform household chores.
- Cognitive. Replenishment of information about the surrounding world.
- Self-realization. Development of intellectual abilities, or physical fitness and endurance, spirituality and morality. You can read about ways to develop your physical fitness here.
- Professional. Improving your skill level in order to achieve success and advance in your career and gain social recognition and approval.
Stop procrastinating on studying
The most important thing to calm down is to put things off for an hour, which eventually stretches out over the whole day. And then the next day. And for the whole week. During this time, you manage to replay The Witcher, send a ton of messages on VKontakte, stick to Telegram, hang out with friends. And the textbook still lies on the table, covered with dust.
All you had to do was just sit down, open this textbook, take a notebook and pen, and start studying. The sooner you start, the sooner you will finish.
By the way, this is precisely the principle that our parents drilled into us when we had to do our homework. Generally correct principle. It’s just that in our adult life we have completely forgotten it.
Find time
The first thing you need to start with to engage in your education is to find time to gain knowledge. You have it, even if you are very busy.
When can I study books?
- In public transport. If it takes a long time to get to the office, spend it reading instead of sleeping or talking on the phone. Those who get motion sickness in transport can use audiobooks and listen to them instead of music.
- On a walk. If you walk in the evenings on your own or with your dog, you can listen to an audiobook and get enlightened at the same time.
- In the cafe. Gain new knowledge over a cup of coffee or a delicious lunch. A paper or e-book won't take up space in your bag, but you can use every free minute to read.
- Housework. Turn on an audiobook or useful videos that you can listen to while you cook, iron, or clean. Even if the information sounds in the background, it is still perceived and remains in the head.
Interestingly, scientists have calculated that if you devote just 2 hours a day to self-education, you will have time to listen to up to 150 audiobooks a year. Such a volume of information cannot but bring practical benefits.
Structure
You can google anything. The main thing is to know what to look for.
And this is the biggest set-up. How do I know that I need to look for a list of Chinese character keys if I don’t know about the existence of these very keys?
In short, structure is curriculum. A list of topics that need to be mastered in order to gain knowledge about the subject.
It is clear that they can be mastered worse, or better. You can go deeper indefinitely, or you can just go along the tops.
But structure is needed, without it you will never understand whether you have mastered the discipline or not. You may miss an important topic or waste months studying unnecessary nonsense.
Where can I get the structure? Steal from someone who has already created it.
There are two options: find a textbook on the subject and copy the table of contents from it, or find a paid course and copy the curriculum from it.
The curriculum usually looks something like this:
Topic 1: Introduction to the subject.
Topic 2: ...
Topic 3: ...
How to find a textbook or paid course? Google it. If this is not some kind of super exotic, then a textbook or course will probably be found in the search.
Pay special attention to textbooks for beginners such as “History of Philosophy in 2 Hours.” They give a very good idea of where to move next.
You may have to Google it in English, because you won’t find information on the RuNet. Be sure to look for information in English, even if you don’t speak it well: Google Translator has been working very well lately. You can understand the meaning of even very complex materials.
Built-in translators in the browser are very convenient. They themselves offer to translate the contents of the page in a foreign language. Such translators are available in Google Chrome and Yandex Browser. There is no particular difference in the quality of translation, although different services are used.
Be sure to tell Google that you want to see results in English, otherwise it will give preference to Russian-language results even if you search in English. This is done like this:
Go to Google home and go to your account
Go to the “Account Settings” section and select “Language and input methods”
Go to the "Language" section
Click "Add Language" and select English from the list. You will also be asked to select a country from the list. It does not matter. You can leave Germany, which comes first, or choose the USA
Adhere to the “carrot and stick” principle
Coming up with rewards for successfully completed work is extremely important. However, the human brain is such a tricky thing... It is enough for him to simply think about the work done, and he immediately advises you to encourage yourself.
For this reason, by the way, many people cannot lose weight. All you have to do is decide that you will definitely sign up for the gym and start eating right, when your consciousness immediately begins to whisper: “What a great fellow you are! Now you can buy that cheesecake over there instead of an apple.”
Nobody argues - there should be a reward for work successfully done. But only if the work was DONE and brought the desired result. So, resolutely stop all attempts to please yourself BEFORE classes.
Follow the schedule
Working out at the same time is extremely important. Scientists who work on the phenomenon of memory have found that knowledge fits well in the head if you study regularly and at the same time. The brain adapts to our daily routine. It is clear that the pace of life in a modern city is high and we are sometimes forced to change plans, however, try to reduce to a minimum all situations that would distract you from your studies.
How much time should you allocate? A standard academic hour lasts 45 minutes, so we focus on this time.
By the way, it was not taken out of thin air. It has long been noted that after 45 minutes, students’ attention is scattered, concentration disappears, and the necessary information ceases to “compact” in the consciousness. You definitely need to take a break or continue studying tomorrow.
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