Constantly “spinning” thoughts in the head, obsessive counting, unjustified fears or superstitions, an irresistible craving for performing ritual actions that will bring good luck - to some extent, these traits are characteristic of many. How can we determine whether these actions are outside the scope of healthy behavior?
As a result of evolution, the human brain has developed a special property - we take danger signals more seriously than any other. In the operation of this mechanism, “failures” occur in some circumstances, one of which is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Previously, this disease was called “Obsessive-compulsive neurosis.” With OCD, a person is unable to function as usual on a daily basis due to the presence of obsessive thoughts (obsessions) and an overwhelming need to cope with them by performing tiresome ritual actions (compulsions).
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Yale-Brown test
The Yale-Brown technique is a common test used for preliminary self-diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (obsessive-compulsive disorder).
Living with OCD is extremely difficult. Performing obsessive actions (rituals) in order to reduce emotional stress takes more and more time, and anxiety absorbs all thoughts, interfering with normal functioning. The patient remains critical of the manifestations of the disorder, he is able to comprehend the absurdity of his behavior, but the level of anxiety caused by obsessive thoughts is too high.
The most common symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder are:
- excessive perfectionism, desire for strict order, symmetry
- fears of becoming infected or poisoned, unjustified disgust
- inability to make a choice even in minor situations
- incessant thoughts about turning off electrical appliances, etc.
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The main symptom of neurasthenia is increased mental or physical fatigue
With neurasthenia, increased mental or physical fatigue dominates over other symptoms:
- deterioration of memory, attention,
- decrease in the quality and pace of thinking,
- a feeling of weakness after minor exertion that does not go away after sleep and is accompanied by muscle pain.
Other manifestations include:
- irritability,
- anxiety,
- inability to relax
- loss of taste for life and the ability to enjoy a person, sleep disturbance,
- headache and/or muscle pain,
- decreased mental or physical productivity.
Mild obsessive-compulsive disorder
For mild obsessive-compulsive disorder (obsessive-compulsive disorder), psychotherapeutic help is recommended first.
For OCD, methods such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), EMDR therapy, short-term strategic psychotherapy, and hypnotherapy have shown high effectiveness. If necessary, treatment can be supplemented with drug therapy. The Yale-Brown test for obsessive-compulsive disorder has a high degree of reliability, but cannot serve as a basic tool for determining neurotic disorder (OCD). You should consult a psychiatrist for diagnosis and treatment if necessary.
V is for validity
Validity measures how well a test measures what it is supposed to measure. Agree, it would be strange if an IQ test actually measures a person’s leadership abilities. Validity can be high or low: the higher it is, the more accurate and better the test copes with the task.
Additionally, criterion-related validity is highlighted. It reflects how well the results obtained in a test compare with the results of other tests that measure the same thing. For example, if two different graphic tests for determining self-esteem show approximately the same result, this will indicate their high criterion validity.
But numerous popular short IQ tests are just an example of tests with low criterion validity. They all measure the same thing: IQ. But if the same person takes five quick IQ tests in a day, he will likely get five significantly different results. The reason lies in the inaccurate definition of the measured parameter and the random selection of tasks. It turns out that each test measures one aspect of this characteristic, and not the whole thing.
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Moderate obsessive-compulsive disorder
The prognosis for the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder without appropriate therapy is unfavorable.
An important element of the treatment of OCD is psychotherapeutic assistance (cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), EMDR therapy, short-term strategic psychotherapy, hypnotherapy). Psychotherapy must be combined with medications prescribed by a psychiatrist (antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications). The Yale-Brown test for obsessive-compulsive disorder has a high degree of reliability, but cannot serve as a basic tool for determining neurotic disorder (OCD). You should consult a psychiatrist for diagnosis and treatment if necessary.
Everybody lies, or the Lie Scale in psychological tests
But Dr. House was right: the maxim “everyone lies” is absolutely true for people when they take psychological tests. Everyone marked the desired answer to a question at least once. This is why many psychological test questionnaires have an additional lie scale. It is based on several questions from the questionnaire and, by comparing the answers, shows how sincere the subject is in his answers. Moreover, often the first time a subject answers a question, guided by the principle of social desirability. Yes, we are designed this way: people usually strive to give answers that correspond to the moral norms and values of society. Often, even the subject himself is not fully aware of such distortion.
Severe obsessive-compulsive disorder
The prognosis for the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder without appropriate therapy is unfavorable.
Most likely, you need to take medications (antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications), which are prescribed by a psychiatrist. Also an extremely important element in the treatment of OCD is psychotherapeutic assistance (cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), EMDR therapy, short-term strategic psychotherapy, hypnotherapy). Psychotherapy must be combined with drug treatment.
The Yale-Brown test for obsessive-compulsive disorder has a high degree of reliability, but cannot serve as a basic tool for determining neurotic disorder (OCD). You should consult a psychiatrist for diagnosis and treatment if necessary.
Neurasthenia occurs in people prone to anxiety and instability
Three factors are involved in the occurrence of neurasthenia: biological predisposition, personal characteristics and traumatic circumstances.
Genetic predisposition and/or physiological characteristics of the nervous system are formed during conception, pregnancy and early childhood.
Personal characteristics include increased anxiety and sensitivity, emotional instability, impatience, impulsiveness, high demands, and lack of adaptive coping strategies. The “portrait” of a person who is predisposed to the development of neurasthenia may include the following characteristics: impressionable, intolerant of frustration, disorganized, acutely sensitive to non-recognition of oneself and the products of one’s activities.
Exhaustion of the nervous system occurs due to overwork, disruption of sleep and rest patterns, long-term and/or severe illness, excessive intensity of work or academic activity. Chronic or extremely severe stress contributes: acute conflicts, frustration, significant life changes, hard work, unfavorable living conditions, being in danger.
Extremely severe obsessive-compulsive disorder
The prognosis for the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder without appropriate therapy is unfavorable.
Most likely, you need to take medications (antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications), which are prescribed by a psychiatrist. Also an extremely important element in the treatment of OCD is psychotherapeutic assistance (cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), EMDR therapy, short-term strategic psychotherapy, hypnotherapy). Psychotherapy must be combined with drug treatment.
The Yale-Brown test for obsessive-compulsive disorder has a high degree of reliability, but cannot serve as a basic tool for determining neurotic disorder (OCD). You should consult a psychiatrist for diagnosis and treatment if necessary.
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The total duration of your obsessive thoughts (obsessions) during the day is:
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The degree of disruption to daily life due to intrusive thoughts:
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Level of psychological discomfort due to obsessive thoughts:
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Resistance to obsessions:
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Degree of control over obsessions:
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Your duration of obsessive actions, rituals (compulsions) during the day:
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Degree of disruption to daily life:
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Level of psychological discomfort:
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Resistance to compulsions:
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Neurosis test
Author of the material:
Inna Trofimova
writer, psychologist, gestalt therapist
The fast pace of life, haste, constant competition, frequent stressful situations, and the inability to control one’s emotions lead to internal psychological conflicts and exhaustion of the nervous system. All together this becomes an excellent basis for the development of neuroses. They also cause problems with new situations in life and do not allow you to move forward freely. This is why their treatment and prevention are so important. The test for neurosis will determine the presence of this disorder and tell you what to do next.
1. How long does your psychological discomfort last?
2. Have you become more vulnerable, whiny, or touchy in the last few weeks or months?
3. Do you experience stiffness, tension, discomfort when communicating, especially with unfamiliar people?
4. Do you experience unreasonable anxiety or panic?
5. Do you have causeless attacks of shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, pressure surges, tremors, or it’s unclear where problems started in the toilet?
6. Do you feel that you sometimes lack determination and confidence?
7. Does your psychological discomfort increase in specific situations, and not on its own? Can you predict in advance a situation in which you will feel uneasy?
8. Have you recently had more frequent headaches, heart or muscle pain, or discomfort in the stomach or intestines?
9. Have you become more irritable lately?
10. Do you feel dizzy, your vision becomes dark, your gait becomes unstable, and your movements become less precise?
11. Have you become more sensitive to bright lights, loud sounds, strong smells, sudden movements?
12. Do you often get colds and feel low energy?
13. Lately have you been feeling lethargic, weak, drowsy, tired for no particular reason?
14. Has your sex life faded into the background, desire has decreased and you don’t have the strength for all this?
15. Has your ability to work, its effectiveness and duration decreased?
16. Have you noticed that you have become sensitive to even the smallest troubles, although you previously experienced them calmly?
17. Do you have sleep problems such as insomnia, frequent nightmares, difficulty falling asleep, short shallow sleep with frequent waking up?
18. Do you have problems with appetite (increased or lost appetite, strong feeling of hunger against the background of rapid satiety)?
19. Do you have a strange feeling as if you were driven into a corner and have nowhere to run?
20. Do you often feel that your emotional state is rather depressed, sad, apathetic? Do you have sudden mood swings for no apparent reason?
Additional Information:
- Test for mental disorders
- Social phobia test
- Mental test
- Test for split personality
- Paranoia test
- Test for signs of autism
- Suicide test
- Panic attack test
- Alcoholism test
