Temperamental person: what is it and what kind of people are they? The meaning of the word and the character of a person

Hello, dear readers! Around you you can often hear the phrases “He is so temperamental!”, “She has a stormy temperament!”, What does this mean? A temperamental person is an energetic, passionate, easy-going personality.

Let's look at what this is connected with. In psychology, there are 4 types of temperament (i.e., the type of higher nervous activity of a person): choleric, melancholic, sanguine, phlegmatic. I will talk about each specific type in the following articles; I advise you to subscribe to my Telegram channel so as not to miss anything.

So, each of them has certain characteristics and features, and have a significant impact on the formation of a person’s character and his life activity. Here are abbreviated features of each of them.

Who is a temperamental person?

A temperamental person is a somewhat incorrect use of the scientific concept “temperament”.
The fact is that everyone has their own temperament. But this does not make everyone completely temperamental. In the usual sense, a temperamental person is someone who has pronounced emotions, pride, and determination. There is no direct connection with temperament. The following types of temperament are distinguished: sanguine (cheerful), phlegmatic (calm), melancholic (vulnerable), choleric (emotional). Depending on the personality type, there are extroverts (communicators) and introverts (thinkers), who interact with the outside world differently.

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Only sanguine and choleric people have characteristics characteristic of temperamental people . Tearful melancholics and inert phlegmatic people do not fall under their criteria. We will not find temperamental people among introverts either. It is necessary to understand that a temperamental person is a popular personality characteristic that has nothing to do with temperament in the broad sense of the word.

Boiling point. What is temperament and how does it define us?

Bile and phlegm

The good old concept of the four temperaments comes from the humoral theory, according to which our physical and mental health is controlled by the key fluids of the body - blood (Latin sanguis), bile (ancient Greek Χολή - “chole”, “black bile”; others - Greek μέλαινα χολή, “melena chole”) and phlegm (ancient Greek φλέγμα, - phlegm, “phlegm”). It was first formulated by Hippocrates and later taken up by Galen. But if you dig deeper, this concept is based on the philosophy of Empedocles - the idea that everything in existence consists of four elements (air, water, earth and fire), which are mixed in different proportions, including in the human body.

Let me remind you how the theory of four temperaments classifies people: choleric people are easily excitable, efficient and unbalanced people. They can quickly move mountains, but just as quickly and suddenly they become exhausted. Sanguine people are lively, but more balanced, strive for frequent changes of impressions, and experience failures relatively easily. Melancholic people are sensitive, easily vulnerable, deeply worried individuals with a weak nervous system and, most often, with a pessimistic outlook on life. Phlegmatic people are very balanced, calm, persistent and stubborn, they tend to think through all their decisions and slowly switch from one type of activity to another.

In the East, in the traditional Indian system of medicine Ayurveda, an alternative theory of temperaments arose. There the concept of “dosha” appeared - this is the vital force that controls the functioning of the human body, spirit and mind. Doshas are formed from five primary elements: air, fire, water, ether, earth. There are three of them: vata (wind = air + ether), pitta (bile = fire + water), kapha (mucus = air + water). Ideally, they should be present in a person in equal proportions; this ensures physical health and mental harmony. But the ratio of doshas is constantly changing due to a variety of factors - for example, diet. Ayurveda refers to alternative medicine, and the theory about doshas has no scientific confirmation, but many Hindus are still guided by it.

Temperament and character

But let's return to Europe. The Greco-Roman humoral theory lasted until the 19th century, after which the concept of temperament had to be rethought. One of the most pressing questions is how it actually differs from character. It is assumed that temperament is a set of biologically determined personality parameters, as opposed to character, which is formed as a result of experience. But the question is where to draw the line - experience stimulates the emergence of new neural connections and, accordingly, changes physiology, and biological preconditions influence how we perceive our experience. Moreover, despite significant advances in neuroscience, the workings of the brain still remain a mystery to us.

Nevertheless, scientists agree that psychological differences between people are not explained only by upbringing and the influence of sociocultural factors - they exist in very young children, and even in animals (those who have had several pets of the same species in their lives know this in personal experience). It is believed that temperamental traits develop into personality traits as experience is gained. For example, the same lively and restless child in adulthood will manifest himself differently depending on whether these traits of his were encouraged or he learned to hide and suppress them. In addition, the concept of temperament mainly concerns energy, speed of mental processes, sensitivity and experience of emotions, and when talking about personality, we often mean habits, values, self-image and other, more complex psychosocial constructs. Throughout the twentieth century, various researchers proposed their own concepts of temperament. Here are the most interesting of them.

Eysenck scales

The Briton Hans Eysenck - the same one to whom we owe the famous IQ test - was one of the first psychologists who began to analyze individual differences in the psyche using statistical methods. This led him to believe that some personality traits are determined by biological factors - in particular, the functioning of the central nervous system. Eysenck identified only two scales, “neuroticism” (how a person adapts to unpleasant situations, how much he maintains mental stability) and extraversion (by which the psychologist meant both general cheerfulness and a tendency to enjoy social interaction). The combination of different poles of this scale gave us the 4 temperaments already familiar to us - sanguine (stable extrovert), phlegmatic (stable introvert), melancholic (unstable introvert), choleric (unstable extrovert).

Sheldon's typology

German psychiatrist Ernst Kretschmer, observing patients, tried to correlate different body types with a tendency to mental illness. Physiologist William Sheldon developed this concept, but emphasized which tissues predominated in the human body, dividing people into three types:

visceronics (from Latin viscera - insides) - hedonists who love comfort, company and social work. Friendly, emotional, but balanced. Most similar to traditional sanguine people.
somatotonic (from the Greek soma - body, the most athletic and hardy) - determined, aggressive and energetic, physically hardy, but psychologically insensitive, problems with empathy.
Cerebrotonics (from the Latin cerebrum - brain) - inhibited in emotions and actions, but with a sensitive nervous system. Unpredictable in behavior, they like to be alone and think about their own things.

DISC

This technique is based on the ideas of Harvard professor William Marston, has been used since the 1930s and is still considered quite relevant. Marston believed that the behavior of any person can be described using two basic criteria - how favorable he considers the external environment and how actively he is ready to interact with it. Different options give four main styles of behavior:

Activity + alertness = Dominance (Dominance = D). A strong D makes a person assertive and hot-tempered, while a weak one makes a person peaceful and passive, respectively.
Activity + relaxation = Inducement = I. People with a strong I are optimistic and have high emotional intelligence, but are too dependent on external evaluation. Very weak I - the style of an introverted skeptic.
Passivity + relaxation = Stability (Steadiness = S). Developed S produces reliable and calm people who do not adapt well to new things. Weak S is characteristic of flexible fidgets.
Passivity + alertness = Obedience (Compliance = C). “Obedient” strive to comply with the rules and think logically, but are afraid to go beyond the usual boundaries and do something unexpected. People with weak S are creative nonconformists who are ready to question any rule (sometimes in cases where the rules are useful).

Myers-Briggs typology

This classification arose on the basis of Jung's ideas in the 1940s and became very popular in the West - in contrast to the CIS countries, where socionics, also inspired by the works of the famous Swiss psychiatrist, spread. I must say, they overlap noticeably. It is also interesting that Katherine Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs-Myers, like the creator of socionics Aushra Augustinavichute, were not professional psychologists. They called their invention “personality typology,” but their follower, psychologist David Keirsey, considered it more of a classification of temperaments.

The Myers-Briggs classification includes four scales:

Scale E—I—orientation of consciousness: extraversion/introversion
The S-N scale is a way to navigate a situation: common sense (sensing) / intuition (iNtuition - yes, a non-trivial way of abbreviation!)
T-F scale - basis for decision making: mental (thinking) / sensual (feeling)
J-P scale - way of preparing for action: rational planning (judging) / improvisation based on perception of the situation (perception)

Various combinations of scales give the designation of one of 16 types, and, of course, there is a test for all of this, which is popular with American employers. The problem is that research (particularly from the US Army Research Institute and a committee at the US National Academy of Sciences) has not confirmed its validity, that is, in simple terms, in practice it does not measure very well the psychological parameters that it is supposed to measure. It turned out that the test clearly predicts only introversion/extroversion, but with other parameters it is more complicated: people do not very often unconditionally lean towards one answer option, and small variations in individual answers then give very serious discrepancies when determining the type. In addition, 75% of those who passed the test answer differently when they try again and receive a completely different “diagnosis.”

Cloninger model

In the 1980s, American psychiatrist Robert Cloninger proposed a theory of temperament based on how a person tends to respond to stimuli. Studies on twins have shown that temperament accounts for 40% to 60% of a person's personality - these traits are hereditary and practically do not change throughout life. Moreover, they can be combined into groups, each of which is associated with a specific neurotransmitter system of the brain (neurotransmitters are chemical substances that transmit neurochemical impulses between neurons). These are the groups:

reward dependence (how much a person can motivate himself to put in effort without immediate reward) - norepinephrine system,
search behavior (determines the reaction to new stimuli - curious individuals behave more flexible and adapt better to an unusual environment, but at the same time are more easily distracted from the intended goal) - dopamine system,
avoidance behavior (readiness to take risks) - serotonin system,
perseverance (the ability to “break down the same door”, despite failures) - acetylcholine system.

Cloninger's research has confirmed at least a partial link between these aspects of temperament and genes that are associated with neurotransmitter receptor function. So today this is perhaps the most scientifically understandable theory of temperament.

How does temperament manifest itself?

You can recognize a temperamental person by his actions and interactions with others. In private, temperament does not manifest itself. Therefore, all unsociable or unsociable individuals are immediately discarded from among the applicants. Also, you should not look for a temperamental person among people who are insecure, have low self-esteem, and are prone to constant worry and self-flagellation.

It is unlikely that any of us have heard of the fact that “someone locked himself in his room, sobbing temperamentally into his pillow.” Completely different actions are expected from a temperamental person.

What allows you to determine this type? Is it easy to recognize such a person? What to look for? So, the signs of a temperamental person:

Increased activity;
Emotionality;
Impulsiveness;
Passion;
Gambling;
Riskiness;
Initiative;
Speed of reaction;
Determination;
Confidence in your strength.

Men and women can be endowed with similar traits . A temperamental lady is not uncommon now, just like a temperamental macho. Mass culture has given rise to a fashion for such people.

Thanks to stereotyped thinking, temperament is assigned even to entire nations, for example, Spaniards, Armenians, Mexicans. Although this opinion is erroneous, because each person is individual, and we sometimes judge other nations only by communicating with their individual representatives.

Determining your temperament is more difficult, because there is no such accurate test. But you can find out its presence indirectly by determining your type of temperament. If he is a sanguine person or a choleric person with a tendency towards extroversion, then there is a high probability that he is able to show his temperament.

Definition of temperament and brief instructions for interaction

To determine a person’s temperament from the outside, as well as for self-diagnosis, many methods have been created that show the most accurate result.

Hans Jurgen Eysenck's questionnaire contains one hundred questions and only two possible answers: yes or no. The test is also notable for the fact that it can be used to recognize a mixed type.
The method of Nikolai Nikolaevich Obozov is a scale on which you need to select the degree of manifestation of a particular property.
Diagnostics according to Vladimir Rusalov is in many ways similar to Eysenck’s psychological test, but there are a little more questions - 105. They need to be answered quickly, without going into long thoughts.
Jan Strelyau's method for diagnosing temperament is intended for adults, as it is replete with terms that teenagers and children have not yet encountered. The test is aimed at assessing three parameters: excitation, inhibition, and the dynamism of mental processes.
Questionnaire B.N. Smirnova requires the most truthful, sincere answer to each point and allows you to determine the type of reaction, activity, as well as the very sincerity with which the person answered the questions.
Alexander Belov's formula is based on the concept of mixed types. The test is carried out using four cards on which 20 expressions are presented. Each block corresponds to one or another type of temperament.

It is worth remembering that determining temperament is the first, but not the last step in interacting with a person. The most important thing is to learn to find the right approach to a particular type.

Interaction with a sanguine person

He cannot live without communication, which is why he always makes a wide circle of acquaintances. Attracts people like a magnet.
Has his own “cockroaches in his head.” Not being very prone to quarrels, he can sometimes display a similar quality.
Often makes incorrect conclusions, thinking too quickly and superficially. This trait is inherent in him by nature; you just need to humble yourself and present the information correctly.
Don't expect a sanguine person to admit a mistake on his own.
This is the person whose facial expressions speak for themselves: its dynamics reveal true emotions and attitude to what is happening.
He needs a constant influx of new impressions, and the brighter they are, the happier the sanguine person will feel. If you don't want such a person to leave you, don't let him get bored.
Loves to give advice and express his opinion.
He likes to make joint plans, share leisure and responsibilities with someone.
Extreme and adrenaline are another “air” that a sanguine person breathes.

Interaction with a choleric person

The speech of a choleric person often precedes his own thoughts.
Subject to the emotions that he experiences here and now. Don't be surprised if a couple of hours later he gives you the opposite opinion on the same situation.
In the wake of a surge of anger, he can say unpleasant things, but this does not mean at all that he seriously thinks so. Let the choleric person calm down.
Do not take all his words or actions to heart, be lenient, avoid conflict situations.
Try not to return to a discussion of an incident that is not relevant at the moment: choleric people quickly forget what happened.
You should not put pressure on him, especially with a sense of duty.
The choleric person needs your support, although he may not show it.

Interaction with a phlegmatic person

Information from such a person sometimes has to be extracted with pincers.
A phlegmatic person will never show flexibility in relation to new circumstances: let him get used to them, do not demand that he do it faster.
Be patient and forgiving: this is still a conservative.
Instant emotional response and sympathy are not his thing.
This is a man not of words, but of actions: he may not show or say that he worries about you, but he will definitely do something useful.
He will expect exactly the same approach from those around him: he doesn’t need words.
A phlegmatic person is a person of strict logic and prudence. If you want to win his attention and trust, reason in a similar way, avoiding fantasies and abstract statements.
Figurative expressions and youth slang will be unpleasant for a phlegmatic person. Talk to him clearly, in simple and understandable language.
Information is best perceived in written form.

Interaction with a melancholic person

A melancholic person approaches contact with new people carefully and gradually. Do not demand from him speed in this matter.
Speak calmly, avoiding loud speech and sharp accents on words.
Do not evaluate from a negative side what a melancholic person values. Avoid categorical judgments and criticism in his direction. Veil all this with the softest phrases possible.
To get closer to such a person, it is enough to tell some sad story from your life. Melancholic people love heart-to-heart conversations.
They won't like extreme sports at all. The same goes for horror films and various action films.
A melancholic person should not be driven into strict deadlines, otherwise he will be overtaken by stupor.
If an activity requires scrupulousness, attention and careful elaboration of details, a melancholic person will cope with it perfectly.
Such people have highly developed intuition.

Advantages and disadvantages

Should you be upset when you learn about your temperament, or does having it only make life easier? As in most other cases, there is no clear answer. It has its pros and cons.

The benefits of temperament are closely related to the activity of its owners. Firstly, such people do not allow themselves and their loved ones to be offended. They will always defend their rights. Secondly, they make decisions faster, think more quickly, and act with lightning speed. Thirdly, it is not boring with them, since temperamental people are always full of ideas and suggestions. Fourthly, temperament is the key to success at work. Its owners more often occupy leadership positions, build their careers faster, and actively expand business connections. Fifthly, it is much easier for them to create relationships, arousing interest in the opposite sex.

Everything seems to be great, but let’s talk about the weaknesses. The disadvantages of temperament include impulsiveness and lack of restraint. Temperamental people do not always know how to control their emotions, which can anger or offend others. Accordingly, not all types of temperament get along with them. Excessive assertiveness also plays a cruel joke on its owner, because moving ahead is not always the right strategy.

But if a temperamental person learns to control his unbridled behavior, then good prospects open up for him.

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Relationship with a temperamental person?

Regardless of who is in front of us: a temperamental man or a temperamental woman, the principles of dialogue with them are similar. After all, what is temperamental? Essentially, he is a leader. This means that you should communicate with him as with a winner. Therefore, it is still easier for men to try on this role. In the old fashioned way, a woman is expected to be tender, caring, and warm. Although in our society, many ladies have long acquired the “iron” attributes of masculinity.

If two temperamental individuals meet , then “fireworks” of emotions are guaranteed for them. And, at the same time, regular “pulling the blanket” from side to side. Their union can be successful, but for this both need to learn to compromise and listen to each other.

In the case where one of them is not so temperamental, he should respect the leading role of his partner. Under no circumstances should you infringe on his personal space and pride. Otherwise, it will cause protest and an emotional barrage in response. But if his leadership role suits everyone, then why not make this compromise?

As it became clear from the article, a temperamental person is not just the owner of a certain temperament, but a certain psychological type , with a peculiar manner of behavior. Today, it is equally common to encounter both a temperamental man and a temperamental woman, because society is erasing gender specificity. But we should pay tribute to traditions - the first one has an easier life than the second one. At the same time, it is much easier for all temperamental people to arrange their personal and professional lives. So, temperament is more of an advantage than a disadvantage.

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Content

Very often you can hear someone called a temperamental person. But what exactly this term means and what kind of character that very temperamental person has, few know. They say that a person's temperament can change throughout life, and this depends on numerous factors. What is the peculiarity of a temperamental person, we will talk about this in our material.

Pisces (February 20 - March 20)

Pisces: Pixabay
If Aries is one hundred percent choleric, then Pisces demonstrates the behavioral traits of melancholic people. The secrecy, emotionality, and depth of Pisces’ experiences are known only to themselves. These people are sensitive and vulnerable, constantly in creative search. Friendly but independent representatives of the water element strive for constancy and stability.

Those born under the zodiac sign of Pisces are distinguished by excellent intuition and also demonstrate the following character traits:

attentiveness;
daydreaming;
inconsistency;
mystery.

Pisces are impressionable and multifaceted. Calm in appearance, they can experience a whole range of emotions. Their secrecy is due to their rich imagination. Pisces feel great in an imaginary world.

We looked at all the signs of the zodiac, the character of each is described in the article. All have advantages and disadvantages. Study the information and use it for self-development and improving your quality of life.

Original article: https://www.nur.kz/esoterics/astrology/1810956-znak-zodiaka-i-temperament/

Meaning of the term

How often do we hear people say about someone that he is a temperamental man or a temperamental woman. Let's consider what this word means and whether it has its own special definition.

In general, each person has his own special temperament. In such a science as psychology, it is said that every person has a temperament, as well as an individual character. But in society, such a concept as a “temperamental person” has taken root, which more often means a hot-tempered, bright, decisive and overly emotional person. It turns out that now the word “temperamental” has lost its original meaning and is used only to describe one type of character.

Speaking scientifically, it is worth mentioning that temperament is not just a separate character trait. This is a combination of several character traits that ultimately influence human behavior.

Temperament determines how a person will react to a particular situation in his life, how his thinking and worldview will develop.

Taurus (April 21 - May 21)

Taurus: Pixabay
The Earth sign combines the traits of choleric and phlegmatic. How can a stable introvert and an extrovert combine in one person? Usually daring choleric people are Taurus men, but calm phlegmatic people are women.

Representatives of this zodiac sign are difficult to fit into generally accepted frameworks. They are secretive, but deep down they consider themselves the center of the Universe.

Taurus are distinguished by such character qualities as:

practicality;
stability;
stubbornness;
diligence.

Taurus cannot stand pressure from others. In response, they show enviable stubbornness. The patience of this sign allows you to achieve your goals and succeed in business.

Temperament patterns

In psychology, there are several main types of temperament:

those with a cheerful disposition are called sanguine;
calmer people are phlegmatic;
those who are overly vulnerable and touchy are melancholic;
but people who are too emotional are choleric.

Taking into account the peculiarities of each type of temperament, we can say with confidence that choleric and sanguine people are more suitable for the modern concept of “temperamental person”.

Of course, it is worth mentioning once again that the popular concept of “temperamental,” which is firmly entrenched in society, is only a certain characteristic of one of the types of people, which cannot be in any way unrelated to the broader meaning of the word “temperament.”

How does temperament differ from character?

Let us remember that these are two completely different concepts. Character is formed, consolidated or changed under the influence of the following factors:

education depending on the family situation;
systematic independent work on oneself (self-education, self-development);
the degree of acceptance of certain norms provided by the environment;
analysis of acquired life experience.

In order to change even slightly in character, it is not enough to meet one of the listed conditions: their combination is required.

It is impossible to radically influence temperament as a property of human nature given from birth. However, using the same conditions given above, you can take control of it. The main criterion will be the desire of the person himself, patience and perseverance: the necessary changes will not happen in one hour, a systematic approach is important here.

How to recognize a temperamental person?

In order to understand a person, to understand his character, it is worth paying attention to some features in his behavior. Recognizing a temperamental person is not that difficult. The special character traits of such a person are revealed by many factors: his behavior in society, his manner of communication, and so on. For example, if in a company you see a modest and quiet person, then it immediately becomes clear that in front of you is an unemotional, unsociable and slightly insecure person. Of course, such a person can hardly be called temperamental. Let's think about how to recognize a truly temperamental person.

In society, such people behave relaxed and relaxed. They are very active, love to communicate, make new acquaintances and are never shy about having conversations with unfamiliar people. But such people are also betrayed by excessive emotionality. That is, during a conversation, during a discussion of any issue, a temperamental person will behave very emotionally, wave his arms and speak very loudly.

Impulsivity is another feature that allows you to recognize a temperamental person in a stranger. And also a temperamental person is characterized by such traits as gambling and risk-taking. Very often, such people enter into disputes, make bets, and at the same time are always confident in advance of their victory. For the most part, such people are not afraid of risks and are not afraid to take on any new business.

Temperamental people are almost always confident in their own abilities and self-confidence. Perhaps that is why they are used to acting decisively and actively. Often, their undertakings end in victory, and this gives them even more self-confidence. In addition, they react very quickly to any situation and quickly find a way out of any problem.

Another feature of such people is that they are very passionate people. This is what attracts representatives of the opposite sex to them.

Advantages

Perhaps someone is offended by the fact that he is considered a temperamental person. But it's not that bad. After all, any character has its pros and cons. Let's start with the benefits.

Temperamental people are usually very active. Thanks to this quality, they always try to help all their family and friends. If someone you know has a problem, then such a person will definitely not pass by and will do everything possible to help. In addition, such people will never allow themselves to be offended. They know their rights very well, they know how to behave in society, how to stand up for themselves.

Another advantage of this category of people is that they react very quickly to any situation. Such lightning speed and the ability to make quick, sometimes very spontaneous and unexpected decisions help temperamental people cope with any situation. Such a person will never feel confused; his brain is always actively working, helping to find a way out even where there seems to be none.

There is never a dull moment with such people. Of course, this is another plus for temperamental people. It’s always a pleasure to communicate with such people; it’s never boring with them. They are always full of ideas, which allows them to be relaxed in any society and allows them to make new useful acquaintances.

Moreover, their temperament helps them achieve the success they always strive for. Only active, self-confident people with many creative ideas can loudly express themselves and ultimately become valuable employees in any field. Often such people make a dizzying career and occupy leadership positions.

Among the many advantages of this nature, it is worth noting the fact that they very easily manage to build personal relationships. Representatives of the opposite sex are always drawn to such temperamental individuals, thanks to which they are never lonely and do not spend years searching for their soulmate.

Capricorn (December 23 - January 20)

Capricorn: Pixabay
Responsible and executive Capricorns are highly self-organized. Phlegmo-sanguine people are distinguished by a calm and reasonable temperament. In a difficult situation, they will not conflict, but will try to discuss everything.

But you shouldn’t cross the path of Capricorns. Then qualities such as cunning and toughness may appear. The following traits predominate in their character:

punctuality;
stubbornness;
pragmatism;
determination.

Capricorns do not like to waste time, so they organize their day in advance, following a clear schedule. Although they take a long time to swing, they always achieve their goals.

Flaws

Like any person, temperamental people have their shortcomings. Due to their excessive impulsiveness and emotionality, such people are mostly unrestrained. Of course, this can negatively affect personal relationships and relationships with colleagues. Such people do not know how to control their emotions and feelings; it is very difficult for them to control themselves. It is not easy for a temperamental person to restrain himself so as not to create a conflict situation. Such people often get into conflicts and almost never admit their guilt. This is certainly a serious flaw in their special character.

In addition, such people do not always think before they speak. Therefore, sometimes they are tactless, which greatly offends close people. For this reason, few people get along with such people, since sometimes it can be very difficult to understand them and tolerate excessive emotionality.

Another advantage that can easily turn into a disadvantage is excessive persistence and assertiveness. They are used to going ahead and acting actively, but sometimes you need to correctly distribute your forces, be able to wait for the right moment, and only then act. If a temperamental person learns to control his feelings and emotions, then his shortcomings can easily turn into advantages.

You will learn how to determine the type of temperament in the following video.

In the process of everyday communication, every person has heard that someone is called temperamental. This personality characteristic is attributed to both men and women. It’s worth figuring out what it is – temperament? Does temperament have anything to do with temperament and character?

Temperament

Who is a temperamental person?

A temperamental person is a personality characteristic used to describe the presence of strong manifestations of temperament.

Attention! In psychology, it is customary to distinguish 4 types of temperament, which means that each person has one or another type. This personality trait is associated with the type of nervous system. Vivid manifestations of temperament can be observed in people with a strong type of nervous system. When using the adjective “temperamental,” the emphasis is not on temperament, but on the manifestation of a person’s passionate nature, determination, impulsiveness, and emotionality.

Aquarius (January 21 - February 19)

Aquarius: Pixabay
The temperament of Aquarius is similar to Sagittarius: cheerful sanguine people rarely, but very clearly show the qualities of choleric people. Aquarians easily overcome obstacles on the way to their goals using internal resources. They are characterized by flexibility, originality, and eccentricity. Some stubbornness and rebellious spirit are associated with social boundaries, which Aquarians do not like to adhere to.

Aquarians exhibit the following qualities:

friendliness;
originality;
love of freedom;
sociability.

Aquarians are pleasant to talk to and love friendly company. Extraordinary individuals think broadly and often become innovators and ideological inspirers. They respect other people's boundaries and demand the same from other people.

How does temperament manifest itself?

Cancerophobia - what does it mean, symptoms
Temperament, like all individual personality traits, manifests itself in a person’s activity and behavior. Temperament is a quality that can only be noticed in society. If a person is alone, he does not have the opportunity to express the peculiarities of his social interaction.

Thus, psychologists have come to the conclusion that such a characteristic as temperamental is unusual for shy, unsociable people who try to avoid publicity and reduce their interaction with people to a minimum. Insecure people with low self-esteem will most likely also not be able to show what temperament is.

Temperament is a set of personality traits such as social activity and initiative, quick response and impulsiveness, passion and risk-taking, self-confidence and determination. Temperamental people crave passionate love.

passionate love

It is noteworthy that this personal quality is not tied to gender: both men and women are temperamental. In addition, ethnographers have come to the conclusion that nations and nationalities differ in the expression of certain personality traits. This is due to the mentality of peoples, customs and traditions of education in a particular country.

Additional Information . If a person wants to understand whether he has temperament, he should ask his loved ones about it. It is impossible to independently notice the manifestation of this character trait in oneself - subjective observation in this case will be ineffective, and reliable psychological methods for establishing the presence of this social manifestation do not yet exist.

One can only assume that a person is temperamental if, according to diagnostic results, he has extraversion.

Properties of temperament

The properties of temperament determine the mental activity of a person in dynamics. The severity of traits depends on gender. A man more often shows a desire for action. His activity, efficiency, reactivity, plasticity and rate of reactions are higher than those of a woman.

Sensitivity

Sensitivity (sensitivity) is a characteristic that reflects the threshold of minimal impact that can cause a mental reaction.

The lower the intensity of the stimulus, the higher the sensitivity.

Reactivity

A property such as reactivity characterizes the speed of development and intensity of the mental response to an external or internal stimulus (criticism, screaming, pain).

These are involuntary defensive reactions. For example, short temper is the result of high reactivity. So, it is greatest in the choleric type of temperament.

Activity-passivity

The activity of temperament determines the energy potential of a person, which he uses to influence the world around him and himself, for example, to overcome obstacles, achieve a goal, etc. This is the readiness for self-expression and self-realization. To determine the degree of activity, characteristics such as persistence, determination, and concentration are used.

Temperamental energy manifests itself in all areas of a person’s life: in the family, in the profession, on vacation. The greatest activity is characteristic of phlegmatic people, the least - of melancholic people.

Passivity is activity that has a negative polarity. In this case, one can observe lethargy of behavior, inertia, lack of initiative, and a tendency to contemplate.

Plasticity-rigidity

These properties characterize a person’s ability to adapt to the influence of an external stimulus or to new conditions, as well as the speed with which his adaptation occurs.

Plasticity determines the flexibility of the psyche, a short adaptive period in case of changing circumstances and a quick change in behavior patterns in accordance with new requirements.

If a person is more rigid, he will show inertia and will slowly adapt to changing conditions, relying on the old model of behavior.

Plasticity is manifested in sanguine people, rigidity - in choleric, phlegmatic and melancholic personality types.

Extraversion-introversion

The terms “extraversion” and “introversion” were introduced to define the dependence of human reactions and activity on external (people, circumstances, things) or internal (thoughts, feelings, emotions) irritating factors.

Introversion is a temperamental property characterized by a focus on internal mental activity. He is characterized by isolation and a desire for privacy.

Extraversion manifests itself as a concentration on the external world. An extrovert is characterized by such traits as sociability, friendliness, talkativeness, and energy. One personality often exhibits both extroversion and introversion, but in different proportions.

Excitability of emotions

This is a property of temperament that reflects the minimum borderline level of influence that is necessary for the occurrence of emotional reactions and the speed of their development.

The indicator is especially high in melancholic and choleric personality types, low in phlegmatic people.

Rate of reactions

The pace of reactions reflects the speed of mental processes and states. To do this, various indicators are analyzed: intelligence, speed of speech, dynamics of gestures.

A low pace leads to a person reacting slowly to stimuli. For example, he does not have time to follow the interlocutor’s train of thought. The highest rate of reactions is characteristic of the choleric type.

Advantages and disadvantages of a temperamental person

High self-esteem - what does it mean and how is it characterized
? A temperamental woman or a temperamental man has some advantages due to this personality trait. However, sometimes they want to become different. A temperamental girl is one who may envy her friend who does not raise her voice at her children. A temperamental man knows what it means to start an argument and lose it.

There is no single correct answer to the question of whether people need vivid emotional manifestations of character. Temperament can be both a plus and a minus for a person.

The advantages of temperament are:

Social activity;
Ability to stand up for yourself;
The ability to defend one’s rights and interests, to convincingly prove one’s point of view;
The desire to protect loved ones;
Willingness to come to the aid of a friend or colleague even in conditions of time pressure or fatigue;
Independence and speed of decision making;
High pace of activity;
High efficiency;
The ability to generate many ideas and brilliant proposals;

Generates ideas

Ability to approach tasks creatively;
A temperamental person is always the leader and soul of the company;
A temperamental man is a careerist, a temperamental woman is a successful leader;
The personal life of temperamental people is rich, varied, full of vivid emotions and events.

Additional Information. If you ask a psychologist: “What is a temperamental girl?”, he will most likely give a simple definition: “One who knows exactly what she wants and how to get it.”

Negative results of temperament are:

Excessive impulsiveness and incontinence of a person;
Weak control of the individual over his behavior, poorly developed self-regulation skills;
Such people often have conflicts with others; in the team they are considered quarrelsome;
They do not know how to develop long-term strategies for achieving goals; they prefer to move forward towards the desired result, and this is often a disastrous path.

Important! If a temperamental person turns to a psychologist, where he will be taught effective self-regulation techniques, then a lot of opportunities and tempting prospects will open up before him.

How to use temperament for good

Kinesthetic person - what kind of person is this?
An intelligent person knows that re-educating oneself is the longest path to success. It is much more useful to learn to use your individual personal characteristics as an advantage in any business.

People who are characterized by frequent, bright manifestations of temperament need to:

Learn to control your emotional outbursts. Sometimes, in order to cope with the emotions that overwhelm a person, it is useful to take a break in order to analyze what happened, look at the situation from the other side, and try to take the position of a communication partner. A rational approach to an impending conflict helps prevent it.

Control of emotions

Improve your communication skills. Temperamental people prefer to talk rather than listen. Moreover, the most interesting topic for conversation is one’s own person. If such people begin to attend training groups for the development of communication skills, they will acquire an important skill there: the ability to shut up in time, to give the interlocutor the opportunity to express his opinion on a particular issue. Instead of emotionally commenting on your partner’s statements, you can use facial expressions and gestures to show interest in the information, this helps to win you over.
Expand your horizons and try something new. Bright emotional personalities, as a rule, strive to conquer more and more new heights in the business that they have been doing for a long time. But they should pay attention to new areas of art and try to get creative. Temperamental people are ambitious people who have great personal resources to explore new horizons. It is only important to help them direct their energy in the right direction.

How to recognize a temperamental person

You can determine that a person has a tendency to be bright in behavior by observing him. This feature is manifested in the manner of communication, in the way a person reacts to certain situations.

Temperamental people feel comfortable in company and with large crowds of people. They are easy-going, active, proactive, and cannot wait to get down to business from empty words. They behave at ease. Stiffness, complexes, and shyness are not inherent in them.

Such people do not feel discomfort if they need to come into contact with a stranger. New acquaintances and communication with different people give them true pleasure. They are not afraid to give interviews and participate in various public events. In public they stay open and do not try to hide their emotions. Their speech is always loud and fast.

Characteristic features of a temperamental person are willingness to take risks, passion, and impulsiveness. Such people often act as the initiator of betting, and do not doubt their own winning position for a second. Self-confidence and self-confidence is their life principle.

Self confidence

As practice shows, they usually complete the work they start within the prescribed time frame. The innovative activities of temperamental people, as a rule, end in success, which motivates them to new endeavors. When force majeure situations arise and unforeseen events occur, they quickly navigate the environment, show flexibility and efficiency in adjusting their actions. As a result, difficulties in achieving the goal are quickly eliminated.

Such people do not like to sit idle. Their brains are busy and they love to exercise them by strategizing and coming up with new ideas. In the eyes of management, these are valuable employees who are rapidly moving up the career ladder and, if they have a personal desire, quickly receive leadership positions. As a leader, they are also successful, rational, and consistent. Subordinates respect and appreciate such bosses.

The brightness and emotionality of temperamental people arouse sympathy for them from the opposite sex. Such people always have an official partner, in addition to him, several more fans and secret admirers. In love relationships, as a rule, they do not have difficulties. Even if the relationship breaks up, they do not become depressed. At the same time, they are in no hurry to get married, carefully choosing a partner. Their marriages are usually strong, their families are happy.

Constitutional theory of Ernst Kretschmer

This typology was created by psychologist and psychiatrist Ernst Kretschmer based on the discovery of stable connections between a variety of temperament and an individual’s innate physique. In simple words, people with certain differences in the constitution of the body have corresponding features of the structure of the psyche.

A preliminary assessment of body structure often helps to establish contact from the first minutes of communication.

Asthenic type (schizothymic)

Absolutely weak-willed, withdrawn, focused on his inner world. Prone to sudden mood swings. On the one hand, he is an intelligent dreamer, on the other, he is a stubborn egoist and abstract dreamer.

Pyknic type (cyclothymic)

He is either at the very top of the emotional wave, or sharply goes to the bottom. Being cheerful, positive and very talkative, he easily gets used to any company, becoming an ideal interlocutor.

Athletic type (ixothymic)

It's hard to surprise him with anything. Calm, reserved, not generous with gestures and facial expressions. It costs him enormous effort to adapt to new conditions. Doesn't have flexible thinking.

How to determine the temperament of a woman and a man

You can determine a person’s temperament using special techniques and tests. Although the psychological tools are universal for different sexes, psychologists have identified some differentiated criteria by which the temperament of men and women can be determined separately.

A choleric man is identified by sharp facial features, sweeping gestures, and sudden movements. This does not mean that a choleric woman does not have these traits. But for her, these manifestations will be smoothed out by grace, femininity and concern about how the movements look from the outside, whether they make her attractive.

Temperamental choleric

In contrast to choleric people, phlegmatic men tend to slowly carry out their work duties and think about decisions for a long time. They are silent, calm, their facial expressions and gestures are meager. Phlegmatic women behave in a similar way, however, due to their feminine nature, they feel the need to communicate, but not to a large audience, but in solitude with their best friend.

A sanguine man quickly gets excited about a new idea and just as quickly loses interest in it. After some time, he may again show passion for a particular topic. Such people are easy to communicate, their mood is high, and they do not tend to worry about certain failures. They are able to charge others with their positivity. They are often informal leaders in the organization and the soul of the company. Men and women with a sanguine temperament have virtually no differences in social interaction.

There is a widespread belief among astrologers that temperament is determined by one or another zodiac sign. So, for example, among Sagittarius, Taurus or Scorpio there are many temperamental ladies.

Interesting fact. A temperamental man can be recognized by his secondary sexual characteristics. Such gentlemen have a pleasant low timbre of voice, thick hair not only on the face, but also on the chest, and a strong physique. External signs of a temperamental girl are plump lips, contrasting appearance, and extravagance in her image. The temperament of girls is more noticeable in their behavior rather than in their appearance.

Four types of temperament

The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates believed that the temperament of a person is determined by one of the so-called “body juices”: black bile, yellow bile, blood or phlegm (lymph).

Classification according to the processes of excitation and inhibition

Based on ancient teachings, several types of classifications of temperament appeared in psychology. All of them distinguish 4 types of temperament: choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic and melancholic.

Sanguine

Active, enterprising, fairly balanced. The sanguine type is characterized by rapid processes of excitation and inhibition.

Cheerful, active, sociable, responsive, successful in many areas of life.
Rarely worries about failures or gets upset over trifles, tends to be a leader, and easily gets used to new conditions.
Multitasking: Easily switches from one task to another.
He needs a constant influx of impressions, otherwise he gets bored.
Emotions replace each other quite quickly and are therefore unstable. Nevertheless, the sanguine person knows how to competently manage them.
Resourceful, inventive.
He is characterized by a loud, sincere laugh, fast speech and agile facial expressions.

Phlegmatic person

He is characterized by little activity, mostly inactivity, and balance. Conditioned reflexes are very stable, but they form rather slowly.

Overly cautious, judicious, rather passive. It can be tedious and boring.
Friendly, peace-loving, reliable comrade.
Inclined more towards conservatism than change.
Restrained, cold-blooded, sometimes too much.
Such a person is easy to manipulate.

Choleric

Impulsive, hot, active, not very balanced type. The braking speed is much weaker than the excitation process.

Calmness is definitely not his thing: choleric people are prone to mood swings and even aggression.
Extremely fickle, impulsive, optimistic.
He has gorgeous facial expressions, active gestures and fast speech.
He can be loud, impatient, and often completely unable to cope with his own emotions.

Melancholic

It can be both mobile and vice versa. At the same time, weak, unbalanced, apathetic.

Prone to constant anxiety and bad mood, even if there is no reason for it.
Emotional, sensitive, easily hurt.
Provides extremely weak resistance to external stimuli.
Self-doubt, timidity, and touchiness are constant companions of a melancholic person.
He speaks quietly, without obvious facial expressions or gestures.
Poorly adapts to new conditions.

Typology of Claudius Galen

Taking the teachings of Hippocrates as a basis, Claudius Galen, an equally significant figure in ancient medicine, invented the familiar typology of temperaments, according to which:

the predominance of blood makes a person sanguine (mobility, cheerfulness);
the predominance of lymph is characteristic of a phlegmatic person (slowness, calmness);
yellow bile means that the individual is choleric (impulsiveness, the ability to do something rashly);
black bile is melancholic (pessimistic, sad, wary).

Sanguine

In most cases, he lives by emotions. Can perform some action in the heat of the moment, but then quickly cool down. Very naive, inclined to trust others. Strives to enjoy life and everything he does.

Choleric

Hot, ardent, passionate type. Remembers both positive events and bad ones well. He is characterized by rancor, vindictiveness, inflated pride and narcissism.

Phlegmatic person

Outwardly quite neutral, not inclined to extremes. It is difficult to anger such a person: he rarely falls under the influence of his own emotions.

Melancholic

Sad, passive, pessimistic, he will find a reason to be sad under any circumstances. It is characterized by very one-sided extremes: if a negative event in life is a local end of the world, if there is a small reason for frustration, then suffering on a universal scale. Any achievement seems to him to be a path through pain. Often complains of loneliness. It is very easy to offend such a person with a word.

Signal system proportions

The signaling system is all existing mental processes that are responsible for the perception of information coming from the outside, its analysis, conclusions and appropriate reaction. There are two types:

the first signaling system means the assimilation of received information (processes occurring in the cerebral cortex);
the second signaling system is everything related to the ability to speak.

If we consider their relationship, we can recognize three types of people. This classification, however, is considered very relative and directly depends on the particular activity that a person encounters.

Artist

The first signaling system predominates in him.

Thinker

It is characterized by the predominance of the second signaling system.

Mixed type

Approximately equal ratio of both types of systems.

How to build a relationship with a temperamental person

When building a relationship with a temperamental person, you should be guided not by gender, but by a distinctive character trait. You need to communicate with such people as leaders. If a temperamental partner feels his dominant position, he will treat his soulmate with tenderness, trepidation and care.

If both partners are characterized by temperament, their relationship will be bright, emotional, and passionate. However, such an alliance cannot avoid a struggle for leadership. Relationships will be strong provided the partners are willing to compromise.

So, a temperamental personality is a psychological type with a special manner of behavior. In modern society, gender stratification is being erased - bright behavior is welcomed by both women and men.

Ideal relationship

Leo (July 23 - August 21)

Leo: Pixabay
All zodiac signs have their own characteristics, but in the case of Leo it is not easy to decide. They are characterized by the emotionality of sanguine people and the imbalance of choleric people.

Energetic and ambitious Leos prefer to live by their own laws, and most of all they do not tolerate disdainful attitude towards their person. At the same time, they come out of various adventures with honor, like true kings. Fire signs are characterized by selfishness and boastfulness.

Those born under this zodiac sign often exhibit the following character traits:

authority;
self-confidence;
generosity;
pride.

Although Leos are prone to arrogance, which often alienates others, they are also generous and noble with those close to them. They often do beautiful things from the bottom of their hearts.

Video

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Hello, dear readers! Around you you can often hear the phrases “He is so temperamental!”, “She has a stormy temperament!”, What does this mean? A temperamental person is an energetic, passionate, easy-going personality.

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Communication techniques for a temperamental person

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Despite their energy and liveliness, people with violent temperaments have significant disadvantages . They do not perceive other people's point of view, are too explosive and demanding, domineering and stubborn, and can even be intimidating, especially for people with a softer temperament.

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Typically, temperamental people get along better with non-temperamental people, since the latter manage to react to outbursts calmly and not demonstrate mutual aggression. But it may also be that you want to shout back. It’s difficult for those who have a temperamental spouse or boss. Dealing with so much energy and emotions is extremely difficult. What should you do for this?

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Remember that temperament is a type of nervous activity. The person is not behaving aggressively on purpose. Don't take it personally. Even if you are to blame for something, such an over-emotional reaction is caused by physiological characteristics, the inability to control emotions.
Don't react with aggression. If you find it difficult to control yourself, try to walk away, or think about something distracting. You should not aggravate the situation, especially when you see that the interlocutor’s emotions are out of control and this can lead to insult. By the way, about that, read the link earlier.
Talk when the interlocutor (husband/wife, friend) calms down. Calmly, without pressure, indicate your point of view and position. Show that your personality demands respect.

Libra (September 24 - October 23)

Libra: Pixabay
Calm and purposeful Libra hesitates for a long time when making important decisions. A phlegmatic temperament is characteristic of an introverted nature.

However, pushing Libra will lead to irritability and aggression. At the same time, air signs are distinguished by diplomacy, the ability to negotiate in such a way that they will definitely derive personal benefit from the negotiations.

The personalities of zodiac signs may vary. Representatives of the Libra zodiac sign are characterized by the following behavioral traits:

sociality;
friendliness;
delicacy;
indecision.

Libra has a developed sense of self-esteem. They are overwhelmed by a sense of justice, so representatives of the sign easily admit their mistakes.

How to control emotions?

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The most important emotion, most often manifested in people with this type of temperament, is anger . Sometimes it can spill out in a situation that is absolutely harmless at first glance. Most often, temperamental people have difficulty agreeing to changes, continuing to behave rather aggressively. If you want to try to help someone you know or yourself manage anger, do the following exercises:

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Distance yourself (as soon as you feel a surge of anger, try to leave the room, or turn away to the side, you can look out the window; if it is physically impossible to distance yourself, then try to use the technique of emotional distancing - think about something else, better pleasant and generating positive emotions ).
Take the paper. Write the word “anger” on it, crumple it and throw it in a bucket. Do this until you feel the anger subside.
You can try recording your own outburst of anger on a voice recorder and then listen to it . Usually people do not like their own behavior in a given situation. Analyze what you could fix, how to behave differently?
Use other ways to release aggression. Sports, dancing, running, shooting at a shooting range, singing, swimming.

It is impossible to change temperament, but you can learn to live with it, control emotions and communicate with temperamental individuals. Remember the advantages of people with violent temperaments: they have a lot of vitality and passion. Learn to see the positive sides in yourself and others.

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Being temperamental is neither bad nor good, but natural.

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Engage in self-development and subscribe to updates on my site. Tell your friends about the article on social networks. See you soon, dear readers!

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Morphological and syntactic propertiesEdit

case	units h.	pl. h.
husband. R.	Wed R.	wives R.
Them.	temperamental	temperamental	temperamental	temperamental
Rd.	temperamental	temperamental	temperamental	temperamental
Dt.	temperamental	temperamental	temperamental	temperamental
Ext.	shower	temperamental	temperamental	temperamental	temperamental
neod.	temperamental	temperamental
TV	temperamental	temperamental	temperamental temperamental	temperamental
Etc.	temperamental	temperamental	temperamental	temperamental
Brief form	temperamental	temperamentally	temperamental	temperamental

temperamental

Adjective, qualitative, type of declension according to A. Zaliznyak’s classification - 1*a. Comparative degree - more temperamental, more temperamental.

Root: -temperament-

;
suffix: -н
;
ending: -y
[Tikhonov, 1996].