Research work on the topic Morality and morality in the modern world

February 22, 2021 It would seem that the word morality is well-known, but not everyone can immediately answer: what is it? Nevertheless, every educated person understands and can argue that the presence of such a component of human relations as morality is the key to the prosperity of society. Let's try to formulate this concept, and also figure out why morality is needed.

Society has formed certain rules of behavior, an understanding of the boundaries of good and evil. Compliance with these rules is not mandatory for members of society, however, in order for an individual to successfully integrate into this society, these rules will have to be observed. The morality of a European will most likely run counter to the morality of a representative of, for example, Muslim states.

Moral standards

Moral norms are not enshrined in law, because for a sane member of society their observance is natural. Society condemns non-compliance with moral standards. Any society has stable ideas about good, evil, justice, which are personal guidelines.

Circumstances determine the moral component of actions. So, happy laughter is normal, malicious laughter is bad. Harming another person is bad, but protecting your family, even by causing harm, is normal. Everyone cooks food at home - this is an ordinary way of life, but if you prepare food for those in need, it is a highly moral act.

Moral norms appeared much earlier than legal norms. Primitive society was formed under their influence. Moral standards contributed to the organization, accumulation of knowledge and further development of this society. The basis of the first laws were established norms and rules of behavior, dressed in a more strict, specific, logical form.

Principles of morality

In the process of the formation of morality, principles emerged that contribute to the implementation of tacitly accepted norms for the interaction of individuals in society. Let's list them:

The main idea of the principle of morality is a “mutual” attitude towards another person. The commandments say: “Love your neighbor as yourself.”
The principle of the “golden mean” helps a person not to go to extremes and try to gradually cope with tasks that will help fulfill his calling. It involves using only the fruits of one’s own labor.
The principle of justice establishes equality between people, regardless of their social status.
The main principle is a humanistic attitude towards any living creature on the planet.

How is morality formed?

In any society, the concepts of good and evil are quite conditional. They are formed under the influence of historical circumstances. On the basis of these concepts, a morality characteristic of this particular society is formed. Traditions and customs passed down from generation to generation also influence morality. But what is acceptable among one ethnic group may cause confusion and even denial among another.

Briefly about why people need morality, we can say that its development is a sign of the development of society. Slavery, bloodshed on religious and racial grounds were once the norm for the enlightened humanity of the past. Today we understand how immoral those norms were.

Studying the process of social evolution of various ethnic groups, scientists came to the conclusion that it is the formation and observance of norms of behavior that makes it possible to guarantee the continuation of the ethnic group and its preservation. Feeling responsible to his social group, an individual is forced to comply with the moral norms accepted in this group.

Rules of morality

There are many rules that characterize morality, and we follow them almost without noticing it. Acting at the subconscious level, a person brings his mood, achievements, victories and much more into the world. Such formulations very closely embody what morality means in all its incarnations. Relationships in the world should be based on reciprocity for a comfortable existence.

By accepting these conditions, a person can learn to be kinder, more sociable and responsive, and a society consisting of such people will be similar to the ideal. Some countries are achieving this situation, and their number of crimes is significantly reduced, orphanages are closed as unnecessary, and so on. In addition to the golden rule, you can consider others, such as:

sincere conversations;
calling by name;
respect;
attention;
smile;
good nature.

What does the “golden” rule of morality sound like?

The basis of peace and culture is the golden rule of morality, which sounds like this: treat people as you would like them to treat you, or do not do to others what you do not want to receive for yourself. Unfortunately, not everyone is able to follow this, and this leads to an increase in the number of crimes and aggression in society. The rule tells people how to behave in any situation; you just have to ask yourself the question, how would you like it? The most important thing is that the solution to the problem is not dictated by society, but by the person himself.

Morality of modern society

In our time, we value the freedom of the individual, his religion, the right to self-development, self-improvement, self-realization, education, and a decent standard of living. A few centuries ago, these norms would have seemed wild. Religion dictated humility, excesses were considered sinful. The desire to achieve material well-being is the path to the Underworld.

Modern morality involves the desire to achieve general well-being. The success of an individual shapes this well-being. The primitive moral norms of the Middle Ages did not at all stipulate that happiness is not the base instinct of a person mired in sins, but the goal of the evolution of society. Currently, a number of taboos are being lifted from a person, for example, in the sphere of personal life. At the same time, freedom from prohibitions and restrictions in sexual life does not cancel society’s rejection of cruelty, chauvinism, aggression, and the treacherous imposition of one’s will.

An individual in the process of self-realization should not infringe on the rights of others, but at the same time he should be sure that he has the right to achieve happiness. Today, as in the Middle Ages, it is not prohibited to strive for the well-being of every member of society.

Current state of the problem

The current state of moral problems is caused by anxiety about the weakening of the leading functions of the family - the birth and socialization of children. This problem negatively affects the demographic situation in the country. From a moral point of view, the situation is aggravated by the fact that moral norms that were previously strictly observed are now being violated.

What was previously simply unacceptable in society, what was condemned, in the modern world no longer seems so monstrous and condemned. For example, divorce and the birth of children out of wedlock were previously condemned. In modern society, views on these situations have changed dramatically. Accordingly, views on the family and its role in society have changed.

In addition to moral problems associated with the decline in the importance of the family function, problems associated with corruption, which has penetrated almost all spheres of life, are becoming increasingly important.

Corruption negatively affects the quality of products and services produced. Counterfeit products and medicines have practically flooded the entire domestic market. The development of corruption has led to the fact that in the modern world everything is bought and sold, for example, for money you can buy a diploma without even studying, or buy victory in competitions or Olympiads.

Corruption is a rather complex phenomenon that negatively affects ethical standards, causing a moral crisis in modern society.

Note 2

Thus, given the current state of affairs in the field of morality, humanity must think about what consequences it faces for humanity and what needs to be done to improve the situation.

Man and society need morality

How harmoniously a person can exist in a particular society is precisely what determines morality. It is by no means universal, but is formed under the influence of historical facts and traditional values of a particular ethnic group. Over time, the concepts of morality become diametrically opposed. In the Middle Ages, the desire of our contemporaries for wealth would have been condemned. Today it is believed that the more rich people there are in a society, the more prosperous it is. Morality determines the quality of relationships, outlining the boundaries of good and evil, bad and good deeds. By and large, our “ego” consists of principles that determine our entire life, our attitude to what is happening around us and the world towards us.

The morality of modern society requires each of us to constantly develop, improve ourselves, look for ourselves and our place in life. Only we ourselves can walk our own path in such a way as to feel harmony with ourselves and the world, realizing our own uniqueness. And if it’s difficult to understand yourself and understand how to control your emotions and feelings in order to feel more comfortable in society and be a full part of it, you can use developmental simulators and Vikium courses. For example, you can pay attention to the course “Effective Communication”. It will allow you to do deep work on yourself and your emotions, teach you to understand people’s behavior, build communication correctly, establish connections, observing general moral standards and taking into account your own needs.

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Golden Rule of Morality

Let us now examine in more detail the so-called Golden Rule of Morality. It has two forms, positive and negative. Positive: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.

.
The negative one, as mentioned above, sounds like this: don’t do to others what you don’t want them to do to you
. In this paragraph I would like to examine precisely the positive form.

What does this statement mean? It contains a clear and direct instruction to action, that is, an obligation.

Let's try to figure out exactly what this indication is.
To do this, we reformulate it into a logical proposition with an implication: If do something to you , then do the same to others
. This formulation is correct, because otherwise the implication results in an instruction to want, which in the original version of the rule was not present.

For this judgment, you can draw up a table of compliance of actions with the rule, that is, in essence, a formal truth table. Here she is:

N wants action A to be done to him, N does action A - right
.
N wants action A to be done to him, N does not do action A - wrong
.
Read also: My husband is having a midlife crisis. How to act and what NOT to do under any circumstances
N does not want act A to be done to him, N does act A - right
.

The problem of morality in modern society.

A little reflection within the framework of a philosophical essay. Without any claim to originality and very generalized. Introduction. The characteristics of modernity cannot be unambiguous, since it will be a consequence of the analysis of many contradictory processes. The world is constantly changing, and the subject trying to analyze it changes along with it, experiencing doubts, coupled with a sense of the drama of what is happening. Established political, macroeconomic and social structures, forms of interstate relations are being transformed, alternative ones are emerging, the consequences of which are new problems that force decisions to be made that determine the future of the next generations. The main features of modernity within the framework of economics, politics, morality and other aspects tend towards globalization and cosmopolitanism (the opposite trend is historically primary, but in modern conditions is rather reactionary in nature), the devaluation of many national, regional, class-political, coalition barriers, opposing They need to understand the objective essence of the future of all humanity as a whole, in which the dominance of global problems over regional problems becomes unconditional. In social terms, these problems are a consequence of inequality in its broad sense, embodied in various planes of human existence, and also, the manifestation of natural, environmental factors has an acute influence. Such global problems pose the need to create a new vision of the world, which is impossible without the emergence of a moral and ethical paradigm that meets the needs of the era, rethinking traditional systems. The concept of this paradigm should be formed within the framework of an objective approach, based on the principle of preservation and development of humanity, at the same time not excluding, but smoothing out all its internal conflicts and contradictions, which should determine the tendency of evolutionary formation and progress. But still, the final solution to most global problems can be rationally assessed only as a natural process, and not a direct result of the formation of any concept. Conjuncture of interpretation of morality. Morality, in its broad sense, is a set of ethical views, principles and guidelines developed by humanity and forming the morality of each individual. Morality, as a special form of social and personal consciousness, is formed throughout the entire existence of human civilization, undergoing evolutionary changes along with the development of society. These changes can be characterized as a tendency to move from simple to complex, for example: from the archaic system of elementary moral logic, humanity has come to the profound axiological concepts of modernity. But at the same time, the general vector of moral development is guided by the so-called eternal values, which undergo relatively minor changes and were basically formed in ancient times. These values play a moral-forming role in the life of every person, serve as the core of moral and ethical views that develop in the process of a person’s upbringing and are often comprehended by him on an intuitive level. At the same time, these views, despite their abstractness, initially have an empirical rather than a theoretical basis. The abstract essence of moral and ethical norms and views leads to their variability, the possibility of different interpretations, even to their exclusion. For example, from the point of view of moral standards, the entire history of world politics contains an inexhaustible set of immoral phenomena of lies, deceit and unprincipledness. At the same time, strict adherence to moral and ethical principles in politics is perceived as evidence of naivety, incompetence and failure. This area seems to have its own special morality, which does not have much in common with individual morality and is guided by the ideal of success regardless of the means. But in the context of the need to maintain the stability of human existence, a completely immoral policy with tragic inevitability leads to disaster. To avoid it, it is necessary to adopt a unified interstate moral code. The traditional nature of politics, focused on achieving local benefits regardless of the means used and consideration of global consequences, leaves humanity balancing on the brink of its own security. Constructive and progressive changes in the world also require advancement in the sphere of morality. Each era generates its own moral mentality, that is, a special set of knowledge, ideas, beliefs, feelings that create a specific spiritual environment, perceived both on a conscious and subconscious level as the moral dominant of a particular culture at a certain stage of its development. On the basis of a certain cultural-historical moral mentality, the individual carries out his own reading of the imperishable moral values of the past. Differences in moral dominants and mentality of different cultural regions of the world are compensated by the presence of certain invariant eternal values. First of all, this is the value of life as such, the value of goodness and harmony, kindness, love and freedom. Such values, due to their abstractness, are not identical and not universal for each individual, and although from the point of view of the idealistic concept of being they are absolute, not everyone recognizes them as such. The result of this is the impossibility of their complete triumph, at least in the conditions of current realities. Consequently, moral and ethical norms (standards) formed on the basis of eternal values must be recognized as utopian. But this only speaks of the impossibility of achieving the ideal as a result under certain conditions known and understandable to us. At the same time, the aspiration of these norms towards the ideal is obvious and undeniable, as is their positive essence, which allows and rather even prescribes their use and implementation. Moral and ethical principle of responsibility in human activity. The moral and ethical principle of responsibility can be characterized as an individual’s subjective awareness of the cause-and-effect relationships of his own actions with their results and, at the same time, the acceptance of the obligation to be responsible for his actions to himself, to other people and to society as a whole. The principle of responsibility is a direct consequence of freedom of activity and thought, and is also proportionally dependent on it; The higher the degree of freedom, the higher the degree of responsibility. The principle of responsibility of each individual person and also of all humanity, in the realities of the modern world, built on the law of personal freedom, becomes a particularly urgently necessary condition for the successful coexistence of free individuals in a single organism of society. For example, science, once restrained by religious and ideological dogmas, has today practically freed itself from this kind of external restrictions, which, as a result, has significantly increased its effectiveness, at the same time increasing the responsibility of each of its figures, and this responsibility should now act as a natural internal limitation in all science. Also, the personal responsibility of the individual is necessary as a guarantor of freedom of activity and thought (conditions for progress and evolutionary development of society), as mutual, equivalent and most importantly safe freedom. For example, the categorical imperative of Immanuel Kant can successfully serve as a basis (guideline) for the moral and ethical principle of responsibility, despite its obvious existentiality: “... act only in accordance with such a maxim, guided by which you at the same time can wish that it becomes a universal law” ( Kant I., Soch., vol. 4, part 1, M., 1965, p. 260) and “... act in such a way that you always treat humanity, both in your own person and in the person of everyone else, as a goal and would never treat it only as a means” (ibid., p. 270). Such a concept, ideally, should lead to the emergence of a special interpersonal and intercultural ethics of relationships, stipulating the achievement of mutual understanding as a principle of coexistence. Mutual understanding of countries and peoples, with all due respect to their uniqueness, should be built on the recognition of certain universal values of peace, natural and environmental safety, human health and individual rights. Awareness of universal responsibility must be established in the sphere of international and interethnic relations, and the natural desire of each nation for freedom must be embodied, taking into account the well-known thesis that the freedom of one person is limited by the freedom of another person, because the common good is above all. Conclusion. The qualitative change in life that followed rapid scientific and technological progress, as well as globalization and the accompanying social and political changes, provoked another unintentional subjective revision of the value guidelines of human existence. Man had a premonition of domination over nature, material abundance and unlimited personal freedom for everyone. Science gave the illusion of omniscience, and technology - omnipotence. The main psychological prerequisites for the shift in the value system were radical hedonism, selfishness and the thirst for possession with the impossibility of fully satisfying one’s needs. Coupled with all these factors, there is a prevailing ignorance of the understanding of the uniqueness and significance of each individual; counting oneself among humanity, as among the general mass of people, was reflected by a loss of faith in man and one’s own strength. The decisive factor in human identification and self-identification is the totality of differences between people. This is natural, as a consequence of the properties of the mind and the structure of the psyche, and also as a necessary condition for individualization. But at the same time, humanity is united biologically, as a species, and is also united areally, as a species existing on one planet, in one environment. Consequently, to ensure the conditions for survival and development, it is necessary to bring existence to balance and harmony, which can only be achieved through overcoming conventional barriers between individuals, through overcoming the disunity of humanity and its spiritual unification. Each person now needs to realize himself as an effective part of the universal whole, and based on the experience of civilization, the heritage of world religions, the principles of humanism and common sense, develop his own value guideline that will allow the whole society to coexist peacefully, and society, in turn, must project this the principle back on the person, treating it as an individual good in part of the whole.

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PolitClub

Morality is the generally accepted norms of behavior in society.
If a person acts in accordance with them, he is respected, understood, supported, and helped. Accordingly, he can achieve more significant results in society. Feel psychologically comfortable and live more comfortably. Moral standards make a motley crowd into a civil society ready to defend itself with dignity and produce great material wealth. A society in which everyone can set a worthy goal and achieve it, since it is clear how to act in order to meet people’s support, instead of misunderstanding and resistance. In such a society it is much more pleasant to communicate; easier to find friends; because basic values; target settings; understanding what is good; and what is poorly formed. All that remains is to figure out who; in what proportions and where exactly do you go to play sports; hiking with tents; Who do you go mountaineering with? dancing. Who do you sing with on guitar? Who do you support the football team with? in which club do you read your poems? etc. And there is enough time for everything; because Many contradictions in society have been resolved; and the rules by which it is necessary to act are derived - moral norms.

And vice versa, if people have nothing in common and they are simply “forced” to live in the same territory, this is a rabble. They are like the crayfish swan and the pike; the only difference is that there are three of them; and there are millions of them. And the result is the same.

One of the main things that moral standards should serve is to determine what personal qualities people who are approaching the top, the elite of society, should have. Whatever the morality, such is the top. There is no morality, or it does not fully fulfill its functions - at the top it is just anyone. And they went to the top without skimping on any methods (lies, deception, violence, dependence, etc.). And the people with such an elite will live haphazardly, every year there will be a crisis.

Objectives and requirements; that modern man and society face are much more difficult than, say, 100 years ago. Consequently, the requirements for moral standards must be different. More clear, verified, without anything superfluous or outdated. In essence, they should approach the rules of success, and in terms of their status in society, they should approach the standards.

The ultimate goal is that in the minds and hearts of people there is a clear understanding of how to act and what needs to be stopped. What is worthy and what is low. What is evil and what is good. What personal qualities should a person with significant weight in society have, and if any, he is a threat to the normal development of society, and should be deprived of the opportunity to influence it and fully enjoy its fruits.

By and large, there are no clearly defined moral standards in society now. The sooner they appear, the sooner their popularization begins, the sooner there will be a chance that a lot will change for the better. To do this, they must be registered, verified, tested in organizations and enterprises of society, and popularized among all layers, through interested public organizations, the media, education (schools, universities, etc.) and authorities.

Let's discuss whether morality is necessary in society; does the current one require revision; does she do the “work” that is logically hers; and whether it is necessary to revise moral norms and give them the status of a standard in society.