Maladjustment: what is it, types, causes and signs, correction

A person who violates generally accepted rules (morals, behavior in society, regulations in various institutions and even laws) is perceived by society as a problematic person. Most believe that this is dictated by a lack of upbringing or pathologies of mental development. However, this attitude is most often erroneous, because the essence of “rebellion” lies in inability to adapt to certain conditions of existence. In psychology there is a name for this phenomenon - maladjustment. It requires lengthy and complex correction, which is impossible without a specialist.

What it is

Disadaptation is a person’s inability to adapt to certain, most often new, conditions of existence. It finds expression in behavior that is not typical for him in his usual environment. For example, at home he can behave completely normally: communicate with family and neighbors, take care of his parents, keep the apartment clean, and show respect for family values. At work, he changes radically: he cannot establish contact with colleagues and superiors, he is rude or withdrawn and does not utter a word, does not comply with the company’s Charter (he is late, smokes in the wrong place).

Maladaptive behavior is a violation of the basic rules of society that apply in certain conditions (at work, at school, in the family, in a government agency, in any association).

However, with maladaptation, not only behavior changes, but also the psychophysical state of a person. If at home he is calm and feels great, then at work his level of anxiety rises sharply, his breathing and heart rate quicken, he sweats profusely, and panic attacks occur. This condition affects almost all personal spheres - emotional, physiological, behavioral.

How this could end:

with successful correction and outside help, adaptation will go well and the person will be able to learn the rules and regulations;
in their absence, he will not withstand the emotional load, aggravated by physiology, and will fall out (consciously or not) from these conditions of existence: change jobs, get divorced, stop going to school;
will continue to tolerate them, and this maladjustment will force him to live in constant stress.

The last case is the most difficult. Psychologists say that more than 30% of people can be called maladjusted, since they cannot emotionally, physically and psychologically accept the work conditions they have to go to every day. They don’t turn to specialists for help, and they don’t try to look for a new place for various reasons (here it’s closer to home, they pay well, but what if it turns out worse there).

On a note. In medicine there is a similar diagnosis: maladjustment syndrome. It is given to newborns with cardiovascular disorders due to perinatal hypoxia.

Diagnostic measures

Hidden signs of maladjustment are revealed during conversation and diagnostic tests:

Luscher color test. By the order and choice of color, you can determine your core values and fears. It reveals the degree of deviation and direction of the individual.
Leary Questionnaire. Based on the results of this test, you can determine the difference between a real person and an invented image. The more developed the pathology, the greater the gap between reality and fantasy.
Factor questionnaire. Reveals a person’s tendency to reject norms of behavior.

Tests detect the presence of maladaptation, but cannot determine the cause. To do this, the therapist needs to collect anamnesis from the patient’s own words, through observations, conversations, and reading diaries.

Causes

Disadaptation is facilitated by various factors, which can work both individually and in combination. They are divided into exogenous and endogenous.

Personal (internal) reasons lead a person to insufficient fulfillment of his needs in society. It can be:

long-term illness;
mental illnesses and disabilities;
limited opportunities;
long-term isolation;
switching to another field of activity (long business trip, academic leave, maternity leave);
pedagogical neglect, lack of education.

Environmental (external) factors create unusual, uncomfortable conditions of existence for a person, which can restrain his personal manifestations. These include:

unfavorable family environment;
lack of love and attention to the child from parents;
lack of mutual understanding with peers, rejection by the team;
a new environment, a change in the usual way of life, unexpected events, crisis (turning) moments;
“market education”: lack of material wealth makes a person a black sheep;
the negative influence of the Internet and the media, which form the concept of an idealized virtual world that has nothing in common with the real one;
the maladaptive influence of one person (teacher, parent, boss, husband);
physical and emotional overload (especially acutely felt by a child when entering first grade).

When correcting the behavior of a maladjusted person, it is necessary to take into account the factors that provoked this condition. If a number of reasons can no longer be eliminated (lack of parental love in childhood or pedagogical neglect), then some of them can be eliminated (the influence of an authoritarian personality or the Internet).

Concept

Human psychological development is a complex process that includes several components. One of them is the ability to assimilate social norms of behavior and become part of society. If for some reason a person does not fit into society, this phenomenon is called maladaptation.

This is a behavioral disorder that makes it difficult to understand the principles of human interaction. For a maladjusted person, society seems incomprehensible and hostile. Not only does he not know how to build relationships, but he is also afraid of them and considers them unnecessary. This attitude deprives a person of the opportunity to create friendships and partnerships, a family, and build a career.

Signs

In children, maladaptive behavior is noticeable to the naked eye, even to a non-specialist. Parents, teachers, school psychologists, and peers see this. In adults it may be more veiled. For example, if a person does not want to lose his job and does not have mental disabilities, he can hide his dissatisfaction, although this can still be seen by some external manifestations (disrespect for colleagues and boss, systematic tardiness, frequent sick leave, depression). Psychologists call the most striking signs of maladjustment:

irritability, which extends not only to others, but also to one’s own behavior;
aggression;
negative thinking (bad thoughts prevail over good ones);
withdrawal into oneself: lack of new acquaintances, breakup of old relationships, loss of connections with friends and family, replacement of the real world with an illusory one;
concentration on oneself, complete immersion in one’s own experiences, emptiness;
partial or complete violation of moral and legal norms, rules in force in the conditions in which he finds himself;
an attempt to adapt the environment to oneself, but not oneself to new conditions;
maladjusted children (especially teenagers) are characterized by pronounced antisocial, deviant behavior;
deterioration of mental state: depression, nervousness, inadequate assessment of oneself and what is happening, panic attacks, anxiety;
deterioration of physical health: pressure surges, increased heart rate, increased sweating and other vegetative-vascular symptom complexes.

The most critical manifestation of maladjustment, according to psychologists, is social phobia, which, if uncorrected, can lead to suicide and, in childhood, autism.

Features of psychological maladjustment

Is it difficult to recognize maladjustment in yourself, a loved one or a child?

It is difficult for a person who does not strive to interact with people to exist in the real world. He lives more in an illusory, invented reality. The following signs are characteristic of the violation:

When maladjusted, a person is overly irritable. It is difficult for him to take the side of another, to understand him. It should be noted that he often does not understand himself.
Aggression is a common sign of psychological maladjustment. Due to the loss of harmonious communication skills, a person’s thinking becomes more negative. He strives to get what he wants through manipulation, but not through direct interaction with people.
Withdrawal into oneself. Due to the fact that it becomes more and more difficult to make new acquaintances, the person withdraws into himself, replacing real emotions and feelings with fantasies. Closeness is also a way for an individual to protect himself from the influences of society. It is important for him that no one and nothing change his mood and intentions.
Focus on yourself. Not wanting to communicate with other people, the person is completely immersed in his own experiences. Despite such detachment, deep down a person is very worried that he is not needed by society and feels empty. But, unfortunately, recognizing the problem and taking action can be very difficult.
Reluctance to adapt to the demands of society. It seems to a person that reality should correspond to a state of affairs that is convenient for him. If this is not the case, the best way is to protect yourself from all kinds of risks. But in the end, this only makes the situation worse.
The individual becomes socially phobic. This trait characterizes any type of maladjustment. Due to the fact that a person does not want to build social connections, he may soon be left completely alone. Other people in return will also not be interested in his condition.

Levels

In psychology, there are several levels of maladjustment.

Null

These are prerequisites for the fact that maladaptation is embedded in the human psyche from childhood, and it can manifest itself at any moment of conflict or crisis period. At this stage there are no personal deviations or deformations of moral values. However, the tendency can be recognized by a special line of behavior (frequent riots, denial, rudeness, bad manners). Easily amenable to correction through mastering social norms.

Formation of attitudes

If at the zero stage the tendency towards maladaptation was not noticed, and therefore did not undergo correction, negative social attitudes begin to form. Personal deformations are still not observed, but the person begins to depend on the behavior of others, although outwardly he tries to demonstrate that he does not care. At this stage, maladaptive protest can be expressed in smoking, drinking alcohol, or joining informal groups. Correction methods include training and individual work with a psychologist.

Systematization

A person develops a stable rejection of the conditions in which he finds himself. He can clearly articulate what he doesn't like (doing homework, getting up early, working overtime, coming home on time). Despite this, he does not try to change anything in the current situation, and he has no choice but to demonstrate his protest to others. In adolescents, this can be expressed in fights and hooliganism, in adults - in rudeness and open conflicts. Stable personality deformations and disturbances in the motivational-need sphere begin to be observed. Correction - change of activity and environment, work with a psychotherapist.

Addictions

If the previous stage is delayed and the person does not receive help, he can become dangerous to others and himself. There may be a split personality. That is, where he is in his comfort zone, he is sweet, kind and sociable. But in a job he hates, under the yoke of emotional stress, manic-depressive tendencies can manifest themselves: he quietly destroys important documents, steals money, writes anonymous slander, and weaves intrigues. In prolonged cases, even a psychotherapist may not be able to cope; you will have to go to a psychiatrist.

Consultation “Disadaptation – normal or pathological”

Consultation for parents “Is maladjustment normal or pathological?”

Disadaptation

- this is a person’s inability to adapt to certain, most often new, conditions of existence. It finds expression in behavior that is not typical for him in his usual environment. For example, at home he can behave completely normally: communicate with family and neighbors, take care of his parents, keep the apartment clean, and show respect for family values. At work, he changes radically: he cannot establish contact with colleagues and superiors, he is rude or withdrawn and does not utter a word, does not comply with the company’s Charter (he is late, smokes in the wrong place).

Maladaptive behavior

- this is a violation of the basic rules of society that apply in certain conditions (at work, at school, in the family, in a government agency, in any association).

How this could end:

· with successful correction and outside help, adaptation will go well and the person will be able to learn the rules and regulations;

· in their absence, he will not withstand the emotional load, aggravated by physiology, and will fall out (consciously or not) from these conditions of existence: change jobs, get divorced, stop going to school;

· will continue to tolerate them, and this maladjustment will force him to live in constant stress.

Concept of adjustment disorder

When habitual living conditions, established norms, and social environment change, a person is exposed to stress. In the shortest possible time, he must adapt to changes, while maintaining the possibility of his productive activities.

At such moments, adaptation mechanisms are activated that allow a person to accept new values, establish social contacts, and gain psychological and physiological comfort.

However, a person is not always able to do this painlessly, and with significant stress, a breakdown in adaptive capabilities may occur - a sharp decrease in a person’s psychophysiological potential and subsequent inability to perform the required tasks.

What does it mean: not adapted, unadapted to life?

At almost all stages of life, a person must be integrated into the social environment in which he resides, have like-minded people, build and strengthen personal or professional connections, and achieve recognition and authority.

It happens that a person is unable to join a new team - the reason for this may be reduced adaptation, as an individual characteristic of a person, and the complexity of the situation that has arisen.

With all this, he must fulfill the tasks assigned to him - his professional duties, keep up with his studies, but due to problems in adaptation, he is unable to do this efficiently.

For example, a leader may not achieve authority in the team he leads, a schoolchild may not find a common language with his classmates, a military man may not be able to withstand strict discipline and physical stress on the body. In this case, they say that the person is not adapted, not adapted to life.

Maladaptive behavior - what does it mean?

When situations arise in which a person’s adaptation for one reason or another is impossible, he or she displays maladaptive behavior.

In this case, he refuses reactions that would help him adapt to new conditions - this could be a rejection of the values in the new team, a reluctance to submit to external circumstances that matter to others.

At the same time, the manifestation of maladaptive behavior does not mean that a person has chosen an autonomous position for himself.

He may experience internal conflict, doubts, hesitations, but is not able to solve the dilemma - obey general rules or enter into a conflict situation, which is unknown how it can end.

The psychological defense mechanisms that are activated in this case make it possible to postpone this decision until later, but it is much more difficult to exclude the negative impact on the personality of this destructive internal contradiction that has not found a timely resolution.

Disadaptation is a specific process, and therefore, as with any individual process, it has factors of its occurrence and development and can be easily classified.

Divided by character

There is behavioral maladjustment, which can manifest itself in behavioral responses associated with certain activities. For example, in adolescents, deep and hidden maladjustment can easily develop into behavioral maladaptation under the influence of certain conditions, which will manifest itself in conflict situations. They become disobedient, begin to study poorly, and the most severe forms are characterized by dropping out of school and leaving home, or even attempting suicide. Such maladjustment is very easy to detect, you just have to take a closer look at the person. A problem detected in time can be easily solved; the main thing is not to miss the moment.

There is hidden maladjustment, which is influenced by internal personality disorders. It is purely individual and can be expressed very intensely and turn into behavioral form. With such a transition, it manifests itself as terrible depression.

Separation by manifestation:

· worldview – characterized by disturbances in worldview that are closely related to the social and ideological complex of mutual connections;

· activity – characterized by significant disturbances in the processes of various activities;

· sociable – manifests itself in a complex of mutual actions in family relationships and in communication with peers;

· subjective-personal – dissatisfaction with oneself and prejudiced attitude.

Outwardly, sociable maladjustment is more noticeable, but ideological maladjustment is considered the most complex and least predictable. And if it proceeds intensively, then behavioral reactions are inevitable and will be asocial. All types of maladjustment are closely related to each other and smoothly transition from one to another.

Causes

Disadaptation is facilitated by various factors, which can work both individually and in combination. They are divided into exogenous and endogenous.

Personal (internal) reasons

lead a person to insufficient realization of his needs in society. It can be:

· long-term illness;

· mental illnesses and deviations;

· limited opportunities;

· long-term isolation;

· switching to another field of activity (long business trip, academic leave, maternity leave);

· pedagogical neglect, lack of education.

Environmental (external) factors

create unusual, uncomfortable living conditions for a person, which can restrain his personal manifestations. These include:

· unfavorable family environment;

· lack of love and attention to the child from parents;

· lack of mutual understanding with peers, rejection by the team;

· a new environment, a change in the usual way of life, unexpected events, crisis (turning) moments;

· “market education”: lack of material wealth makes a person a black sheep;

· the negative influence of the Internet and the media, which form the concept of an idealized virtual world that has nothing in common with the real one;

· the maladaptive influence of one person (teacher, parent, boss, husband);

· physical and emotional overload (especially acutely felt by a child when entering first grade).

Signs

· irritability, which extends not only to others, but also to one’s own behavior;

· aggression;

· negative thinking (bad thoughts prevail over good ones);

· withdrawal into oneself: lack of new acquaintances, breaking up old relationships, loss of connections with friends and family, replacing the real world with an illusory one;

· concentration on oneself, complete immersion in one’s own experiences, emptiness;

· partial or complete violation of moral and legal norms, rules in force in the conditions in which he finds himself;

· an attempt to adapt the environment to oneself, but not oneself to new conditions;

· maladjusted children (especially teenagers) are characterized by pronounced antisocial, deviant behavior;

· deterioration of mental state: depression, nervousness, inadequate assessment of oneself and what is happening, panic attacks, anxiety;

· deterioration of physical health: pressure surges, increased heart rate, increased sweating and other vegetative-vascular symptom complexes.

The most critical manifestation of maladaptation, according to psychologists, is social phobia - a persistent irrational fear of performing any public actions (for example, public speaking), or actions accompanied by attention from strangers (fear of the looks of passers-by on the street, inability to do anything in public observation from the outside.If left uncorrected, it can lead to suicide, and in childhood - autism.

Levels

In psychology, there are several levels of maladjustment.

· Null

· Formation of attitudes

· Systematization

· Addictions

Diagnosis

In what cases is adjustment disorder diagnosed?

Maladjustment can be diagnosed in a person when he ceases to perceive and adequately respond to significant events occurring in the world around him.

At the same time, the person remains in his own, invented reality with his own values. In the future, this leads to the loss of the possibility of full communication.

with people and personal growth.

Prevention of maladjustment should be carried out in childhood. The child needs to be taught the norms of behavior in society so that he understands the need to obey them. If he learns this from an early age, he will be able to easily integrate into the team and the learning process at school, and in the future he will develop these skills in the professional field.

Now, let's figure out, based on what we heard, what is happening to Anna.

She has maladjustment. Which? Behavioral - under the influence of certain conditions, manifests itself in conflict situations.

By what signs can this be determined?

· irritability, which extends not only to others, but also to one’s own behavior;

· aggression;

· negative thinking (bad thoughts prevail over good ones);

· concentration on oneself, complete immersion in one’s own experiences, emptiness;

· partial or complete violation of moral and legal norms, rules in force in the conditions in which he finds himself;

· an attempt to adapt the environment to oneself, but not oneself to new conditions;

What are its reasons?

These are environmental factors: unfavorable family environment; lack of love and attention to the child from parents.

What level?

Systematization

She develops a persistent rejection of the conditions in which she finds herself. The girl can clearly formulate what she doesn’t like (doing homework, getting up early, fulfilling the demands of educators and teachers). Despite this, she does not try to change anything in the current situation, and she has no choice but to demonstrate her protest to others. In adolescents, this can be expressed in fights and hooliganism; persistent personality deformations and disturbances in the motivational-need sphere begin to be observed.

What to do about it?

Correction - change of activity and environment, elimination of causes, work with a psychologist. The most difficult thing in this situation is to eliminate the causes. To do this, the girl needs to be given a full-fledged family, loving parents who will give her their attention. And I think this is all possible and depends only on you.

Therefore, maladjustment is not the norm, but it can be overcome.

Types of maladjustment and their characteristics

It is not possible to describe absolutely all types and types of maladjustment, since this is too multifaceted a phenomenon. Therefore, in psychology there are several classifications.

Generally accepted classification

It is based on those factors that provoke the development of maladaptation, and those areas of the personality that it deforms.

Social

The essence: loss of connections and contacts with society.

Leading sign: antisocial behavior.

A striking example: joining a new team due to a change of job, school, place of residence and rejection of its rules.

Methods of correction: group trainings, social adaptation, work on interpersonal relationships.

Pathogenic/mental maladjustment

Essence: nervous, mental illnesses and deviations.

Leading symptom: inadequate reaction to what is happening, inability to control one’s own behavior and emotions.

Vivid examples: phobias, alcohol or drug addiction, obsessive-compulsive disorder, neurasthenia, bipolar personality disorder.

Methods of correction: psychotherapy, psychiatry, treatment of the leading disease that became the cause.

Psychosocial/psychological maladjustment

The bottom line: non-perception of social norms is associated with personality deformations.

Leading sign: inability to establish contact with others due to internal complexes and incorrectly formed self-esteem.

A striking example: a child spoiled by his parents, who did not attend kindergarten, went to first grade, and it is difficult for him to realize and accept the fact that there are at least 20 other children nearby who also require the attention of adults.

Methods of correction: group and auto-training, work with a psychologist.

It is extremely difficult to grasp the fine line between social and psychosocial types of maladaptive behavior.

Other classifications

Depending on the involvement in the process:

partial - temporary loss from public life (due to illness, business trip);
complete - antisocial behavior is accompanied by profound personal changes.

Depending on the conditions:

School

It is observed when a child cannot fit into the norms and rules of school life. Most often it is diagnosed during the transition from kindergarten to 1st grade, from primary to secondary school, and at an older age it is associated with adolescence and puberty. This is almost always a psychosocial partial maladaptation, which can be overcome with the help of parents, teachers and psychologists. Less often, it acquires the features of a pathogenic form and becomes a stable neoplasm in the psyche.

Read more in the article: School maladjustment

Professional

The reason may be not only a change in activity or place of work, but also conflicts with superiors or colleagues. It can manifest itself in completely different ways: someone openly speaks at all meetings with accusatory speeches, tries to adjust the rules and conditions to their comfortable existence, someone tolerates and accumulates discontent in themselves.

There are also climatic and medical forms, but they are not considered in psychology.

Depending on the strength of manifestations:

pronounced, pathological, unconcealed;
moderate, when a person shows his discomfort, but does not go beyond what is permitted;
hidden, veiled - it is not demonstrated, and this is fraught with serious personal changes that can lead to suicide.

By nature of manifestation:

behavioral, when protest is openly demonstrated;
emotional – experienced most often internally.

Psychologists also often distinguish between two similar concepts: maladaptation is the process of rejection of new conditions of existence. It is still leaking, so it can be corrected and reversible. Maladaptation is already a stable addiction when protest affects and changes intrapersonal formations.

Danger of violation

Since many people's behavior changes depending on their environment and situation, calculating social maladaptation is not easy. Moreover, it does not appear immediately. Developing gradually, the disorder can make itself felt suddenly when, for example, a person finds himself in a difficult situation and it turns out that he is not adapted to it.

The loss of the ability to adapt to circumstances is often not considered serious by the individual. But the danger of psychological maladjustment is that the longer it develops without being corrected, the more difficult it will be to eradicate the problem. As you know, changing behavioral habits is very difficult. And when they are caused by psychophysical conditions that have been fixed for years, this may turn out to be impossible.

Diagnostics

Psychologists and psychotherapists can recognize signs of maladaptation by a person’s characteristic behavior and related indicators of his mental and physical health. If in children all this is diagnosed quickly enough, then with adults, especially if they mask their dissatisfaction, sometimes you have to work for a long time. First, a conversation is held with a specialized specialist, and if necessary, a medical examination is prescribed. But psychological tests are becoming the main diagnostic tool.

Luscher

It is possible to identify a state of maladjustment according to Luscher. His mixed and achromatic color tables determine the degree and style of deviation. For example, yellow in a certain position indicates rejection of one’s profession, and purple indicates a woman’s rebellion against her own pregnancy.

Leary

Another famous questionnaire, Leary’s, helps determine the degree of maladjustment. Its goal is to identify the difference between “I am real” and “I am ideal.” The deeper it is, the more advanced the form of pathology. The condition is characterized from the point of view of such key personal formations as deceit, acceptance/non-acceptance of oneself/others, emotional comfort/discomfort, internal/external control, dominance, control and escapism.

Personality factors

Another questionnaire characterizing several personality types, among which there are those who are prone to rejecting social norms and attitudes. For example, the personality type “k+” is characterized by a social form of rejection, “d+” is characterized by maladaptation of the depressive type, and “d-” is characterized by the cyclothymic type. Their descriptions are given in the answers to the test.

Classification

The generally accepted psychological classification of maladjustment includes:

Social—breaking ties with society. The main symptom is antisocial behavior, rejection of the rules of society.
Mental - a deviation expressed in an inadequate reaction. A person is unable to control his behavior and emotions.
Psychosocial - the inability to follow social norms due to personality deformations.

Often the types of maladaptation are indistinguishable, since a person demonstrates a whole complex of symptoms corresponding to all types of deviations at once. Treatment in this case is significantly more complicated and takes more time.

Correction and prevention

The most effective ways to correct maladjustment:

a course of consultations or treatment with a psychologist, psychotherapist, psychiatrist;
conversations with your immediate environment (family, friends, colleagues, classmates);
elimination of provoking factors;
role situations;
for children - game forms of correction;
organization of leisure activities to develop communication skills.

The leading method of correction is training to overcome maladjustment. It can be group (for the treatment of social phobia) and individual (if the cause is related to the deformation of intrapersonal formations). The task is to show a person that his needs and rules of behavior in society can be compatible without harming him.

Prevention should be carried out in childhood. The child needs to be taught the norms of behavior in society so that he understands the need to obey them. If he learns this from an early age, he will be able to easily integrate into the team and the learning process at school, and in the future he will develop these skills in the professional field. For the purpose of prevention, adults can be advised to take various group trainings, which you can sign up for in any major city.

Prevention of maladjustment in older people

It is important for an elderly person to remain active, to feel needed and useful. The key role in this is played by the close environment, the family. It is important to maintain a wide (but feasible) range of responsibilities for as long as possible, emphasize the importance of an elderly relative, communicate with him as much as possible, and involve him in participation in family life. Contact with peers and representatives of other generations, a high level of social activity, participation in public affairs, volunteering, etc., protect well from maladjustment.

Another direction of prevention is medical control. Med recommends regular examination by a psychotherapist or psychiatrist. With age, cognitive impairment, pathological conditions and diseases appear that require medical supervision. It is important to diagnose them in time. This will help delay the onset of maladjustment or avoid it altogether.

Choosing a rehabilitation center
Stages of rehabilitation
Massage as a means of rehabilitation
Drawing up rehabilitation programs
Treatment of senile dementia
Hallucinations in the elderly
Rehabilitation after strokes
Rehabilitation after traumatic brain injuries
Therapeutic exercise in rehabilitation after injuries and diseases
Laboratory diagnostics during the rehabilitation period
Social and psychological maladaptation of older people
Physical activity in rehabilitation of the elderly
Diet therapy as part of rehabilitation of the elderly
Rehabilitation of elderly people with alcohol dependence
Clinical syndromes characteristic of older people and methods of correction
Medical rehabilitation for dementia

Elimination methods

To solve problems with adaptation, 3 approaches are used:

Medical - maladaptation develops on the basis of neuropsychic disorders. It must be treated with medication.
Socio-psychological - the cause of maladaptation lies in the inability of the individual to accept the rules of society. Psychotherapy can help a person.
Ontogenetic - considers maladaptation as a mechanism that is triggered at a crisis moment in a person’s life. The individual can cope with it on his own when he returns to a favorable environment.

It is better to determine which method is suitable in a particular case with the help of a psychotherapist and psychiatrist. The joint work of specialists guarantees the correct diagnosis and choice of treatment type.

Maladaptive mental states

The criterion for identifying maladaptive mental states is a decrease or loss of a person’s control over his condition, which in terms of the intensity of the experience or duration exceeds the person’s regulatory capabilities.

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Prevention of adverse mental conditions

Basic mechanisms:

The first mechanism is associated with the inclusion of volitional regulation;

The second mechanism involves cognitive reappraisal along the lines of “Not really necessary”;

The third mechanism includes indirect cognitive control (involves the involvement of additional organizational, group, and personal resources).

Mental conditions

A mental state is an independent manifestation of the human psyche, always accompanied by external signs of a transient, dynamic nature, most often expressed in emotions, coloring all mental activity of a person and associated with cognitive activity, the volitional sphere and the personality as a whole.

feelings;
mood (euphoria, anxiety, frustration, etc.);
attention (concentration, absent-mindedness);
will (decisiveness, confusion, composure);
thinking (doubts);
imagination (dreams), etc.