Correlation of the concepts individual, subject of activity, personality, individuality

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Man, as a biosocial being, is multifaceted: he can interact with other people and perform different roles. In social science, there are several concepts related to man. Let's learn briefly about a person, an individual, a personality.

The material was prepared jointly with a teacher of the highest category, Ekaterina Valerievna Alexandrova.

Experience as a history and social studies teacher - 11 years.

Man, on the one hand, is a biological species that has the characteristics of an animal. On the other hand, he is a social being and develops only in society.

Mowgli, the hero of R. Kipling's work, lived among wolves. Such cases happened in life, but children who lived among animals had difficulty returning to human society, had developmental delays, could not speak, and it was no longer possible to teach them what their peers could do.

Let's understand the concepts and identify the relationship between the concepts - person, individual, personality, individuality.

• An individual is a single person, a representative of the human species. This concept designates a person as a living being of a given species, without highlighting his social qualities;
• Personality is a person who has socially significant qualities acquired in the process of life, who knows how to interact with other people;
• Individuality is a person who has special character qualities, unique, that distinguish him from other people; the unique identity of a person.

Personality

The first and most important quality inherent in a person is consciousness, that is, an understanding of one’s activities, the ability to set goals, dream, and reflect one’s attitude towards the world around us. They say this: “you are not born with a personality, you become a person.” The process of personality formation is called socialization.

Signs that characterize personality:

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• awareness of oneself in society, one’s “I”;
• the ability to engage in various types of activities (depending on age - play, study, work);
• the ability to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary for successful activities.

All people are individuals, but there are those who do not meet the requirements of society: a criminal personality, an undeveloped personality, and so on.

Respect for the individual. Society approves or condemns a person. The attitude towards it depends on:

• from human labor;
• from the attitude to the surrounding world;
• from his assessment of himself.

Individual, individuality, personality

The theory of the Unified State Examination in social studies on the topic: “Individual, individuality, personality ”

from the codifier section (1.1 Natural and social in man (man as a result of biological and sociocultural evolution))

In psychology and sociology, the concept of “person” is identified with the concepts of “individual”, “individuality”, “personality”.

Individual

- this is a person as a separate living being, a representative of the species Homo Sapiens (“reasonable man”).

This term was coined by the ancient Roman philosopher Cicero as a kind of “atom” of human society. In other words, this is both a single representative of humanity as a species and a creature with its own unique, peculiar characteristics.

Personality

(from the Latin “persona” - “person”) is an individual who has consciousness and a set of socially significant traits that he realizes in public life.
In other words, personality is a set of psychological and physical individual characteristics of a person, his habits and preferences, social experience, character and temperament that determine his behavior in society. The most important personality traits:

• Knowledge about the world, society, oneself;
• Cognitive and practical skills;
• Social experience;
• Moral values ​​and ideals;

Personality structure:

1. Social status (a person’s place in the system of social relations).
2. Social role (a mode of behavior that is normatively approved and corresponds to social status).
3. Orientation (needs, interests, views, ideals, motives of behavior).

Personality formation

occurs in the process of human socialization, during which the individual masters the social functions and roles developed in society, social norms and rules of behavior, communication with other people. A formed personality is a subject of free, independent and responsible behavior in society.

Personality is formed only in society

, those.
This is the social essence of man .
Most people mistakenly assume that weak-willed and passive people are not personalities, but that these are simply their characteristics. Scientists and psychologists exclude from this category only children under three years of age, primitive people who cannot speak and are mentally unstable.

Not every person is a person. You are born a person and become a person throughout your life. .

The formation of personality occurs in the process of assimilation by the individual of a certain system of knowledge, norms, values, etc.
This process is called personality socialization
. It occurs as a person assimilates social experience and is carried out through his involvement in certain social relations, forms of communication and types of activities. The process of socialization begins in childhood and continues throughout life.

Socialization

- this is the process of a person’s formation in society, his assimilation of the social experience of previous generations and his subsequent development.

In the process of socialization, a person becomes a person who acquires uniqueness, originality, socially significant differences, dissimilarity from others, i.e. individuality.

Individuality -

the unique originality of all manifestations of a person, emphasizing his exclusivity, versatility and harmony (a person as one of many, but taking into account his personal characteristics: appearance, behavior, character, etc.) A person who has become an individual is an original, active and creative a person who has proven himself in life.

Strong personality

Often people appear in society who are called strong personalities. They are characterized by the ability to renounce personal interests in favor of other people, their homeland, and overcome serious difficulties.

Ludwig van Beethoven, a world-famous composer, lost his hearing and then his sight at an early age, but despite this, he continued to compose music and share it with others. Now his works do not lose popularity, but few people know that their author wrote literally feeling the music.

Individual and personality: differences

A person is born an individual, the status of the individual is already established in the process of development. Distinguishing between the definition of an individual and a personality will help to assess the functioning of a person.

So, what is the difference between an individual and a personality?

1. Interaction with society. A person remains an individual from birth to death, and he is formed as a personality only in interaction or opposition with society.
2. Confession. All people have equal rights, that is, each person initially has his own individuality. However, personality has certain social advantages: recognition, power, authority.
3. Adequacy. One is born an individual, but one becomes a person.
4. Mindfulness. The path to acquiring personality status is a conscious action of the individual.
5. Quantity. There are tens of millions of personalities in the world, and approximately seven billion individuals.

A person who is removed from society very quickly loses his personality traits - he begins to poorly understand other people, to the point of forgetting the language. At the same time, the development of the genetic code occurs by nature, regardless of the life changes of a person. A person can become an individual even with limited abilities.

What have we learned?

The concepts of man, individual, personality, individuality are united by the fact that they all characterize people as biological and social beings with natural properties and qualities acquired in the process of life and interaction with other members of society. Such a system of concepts helps to organize the properties of a person and examine him from different sides. An individual is a biological being, one of all people. Personality – possessing a number of social qualities. Individuality – having a set of properties and characteristics that is unique in nature. Each person is an individual, personality and individuality.

World of Psychology

These concepts can be classified as eternal. Each new generation of people, each person rediscovers them, formulates them for himself, tries to give his own version of the answer. Addressing these topics is typical for domestic psychologists (Ananyev, Myasishchev, Leontyev, Asmolov, Bratus).

Man as a natural phenomenon

The first thing that can be noted when describing the phenomenon of a person is the variety of his properties. Man is a multifaceted, multidimensional, complexly organized being. There is a well-known expression about man as the crown of nature. It emphasizes that man is part of nature. Man is a living being, and like any animal, he has an organism, a body, is in relationship with the natural world, and is subject to its laws. The human body - its shape, structure. Functioning is a continuation of the evolutionary series; it is in many ways similar to the body of higher primates. At the same time, man is qualitatively different from all other living beings.

Ananyev “Psychological structure of Personality” (“Man is an object of knowledge”) – a systematic or comprehensive approach to the study of Personality.

Man is the most general concept, the entire set of all human qualities characteristic of people (it doesn’t matter whether a given person has it or not).

Individual - Man as an individual is a material, natural, bodily being in its integrity and indivisibility. Individual characteristics – age-sex and individual-typical, neurodynamic properties of the brain; functional geometry of the brain (asymmetry). Knowing a person as an individual involves considering the natural foundations of human life, his psychology. The highest integration of a person’s individual properties is represented in temperament and psychological inclinations.

Personality is the main form of development. Personal properties of a person - a person’s life path, his social biography. A person as a representative of society, who freely and responsibly determines his position among others.

Individuality is a person as a unique, original Personality who realizes himself in creative activity. If Personality is the top level of a person, then individuality is his deepest dimension.

Two approaches:

1. As uniqueness in the totality of its properties and characteristics.
2. Internal harmony, consistency of the properties of a person (subject, Personality, individual) go in one direction of development.

Subject is a person in the context of his Activity.

Leontiev Man includes the totality of all human qualities.

“ The individual is a genotypic formation.” The concept of an individual contains an indication of a person’s similarity to all other people, of his commonality with the human race.

2 signs:

1. Indivisibility or integrity of the subject.
2. The presence of special (individual) properties that distinguish it from other representatives of the same species.

“ Personality is a systemic and therefore supersensible quality, although the bearer of this quality is a completely sensual, bodily individual with all his innate and acquired properties... The concept of Personality expresses the integrity of the subject of life. But Personality is a holistic formation of a special kind. Personality is not an integrity determined genotypically: People are not born with a Personality, they become a Personality... Personality is a relatively late product of the socio-historical and ontogenetic development of a person.”

No science, no theory is capable of providing comprehensive explanations of an individual, specific human Personality.

How are these concepts related: individuality, man, Personality, individual? Every person is an individual, but not every individual is a person, only the one who is a cat. acquired social individuality, and removed his biological individuality. Every Person is a person as a social individual, but can every person be called a Person? There is no consensus on this issue. In principle, when answering this, there are two directions of answer:

1. Objective (recognizing the Personality of any person as a subject of social relations and Activity).

2. Normative-value (assuming that not every person is a Personality, and considering it necessary to establish social criteria for a Personality, i.e. selected social qualities).

According to this direction, in order to be a Personality, it is not enough just to be a person, a subject of social relations and Activity, you need to have social qualities that are not inherent to every person.