Test work in social studies on the topic “Man. Individual. Personality." Grade 10

Individuality

In the process of personality formation, a person not only learns social norms that unite people, but also realizes his differences from others. Some of the differences between people appear from birth - even babies have different appearances and different temperaments. Over the years, differences in knowledge, skills, worldview, etc. are added to this. This is called individualization - self-determination of an individual, the formation of its unique qualities, worldview, moral and philosophical foundations.

This term emphasizes the uniqueness of each individual, his originality. After all, even twins who are exactly the same from a genetic point of view acquire different life experiences over the years, and this entails more and more differences.

Test work in social studies on the topic “Man. Individual. Personality." Grade 10

Human. Individual. Personality.

Option 1.

1. Personality qualities are manifested in:

1) features of a person as a biological organism;

2) hereditary predisposition;

3) characteristics of temperament;

4) socially transformative activities.

1. Which of the following qualities of a person brings him closer to animals?

1) the ability to communicate using articulate speech;

2) the ability to care for one’s offspring;

3) a feeling of love for others;

4) possession of consciousness capable of reflecting the surrounding world.

1. Common to humans and animals is:

1) the ability to defend against enemies;

2) possession of articulate speech;

3) the ability to create something new that has no analogues in nature;

4) the ability to display the world around us with the help of consciousness.

1. An individual means:

1) a single representative of the human race;

2) a person who has mastered social forms of consciousness and behavior;

3) the uniqueness and uniqueness of the natural and social qualities of an individual person;

4) a person as a bearer of the values ​​of national and world culture.

1. Play, learning, work act as:

1) criteria of truth; 3) social qualities;

2) types of activities; 4) biological needs.

1. All people from birth have:

1) high level of culture;

2) the assimilated heritage of the ancestral culture;

3) the makings of the formation of communicative abilities;

4) the knowledge available to their parents.

1. Human activity:

1) always involves the creation of a new product;

2) can have both positive and negative consequences;

3) always aimed at improving social relations;

4) usually has negative consequences.

1. The needs of a person, determined by his social essence, include the need:

1) in maintaining health; 3) in work activity;

2) in physical activity; 4) protection from the cold.

1. Personal socialization means:

1) assimilation of norms and patterns of behavior accepted in society;

2) formation of views about oneself, one’s interests;

3) the totality of a person’s views on the world and himself;

4) human activity related to the realization of his needs.

1. The roles of a person, acquired by him in the process of interaction with society as a whole, other people, characterize him as:

1) individual; 3) individuality;

2) personality; 4) an individual.

1. The set of traits that distinguish a given person from all other people is reflected in the concept:

1) citizen; 2) individuality; 3) personality; 4) individual.

1. Are the following statements about human activity true?

Human activity:

A) is determined both by the mind and by feelings and emotions.

B) has both positive and negative consequences.

1) only A is true; 3) both A and B are correct;

2) only B is true; 4) both judgments are incorrect.

1. Are the following judgments about upbringing and education correct?

Upbringing and education:

A) ensures the transfer and assimilation by a person of the life experience and behavior of previous generations of people.

B) contributes to the formation of socially significant qualities of a person’s personality.

1) only A is true; 3) both A and B are correct;

2) only B is true; 4) both judgments are incorrect.

1. Are the following statements about a person's personality true?

Personality of the person:

A) is formed under the influence of society as a whole and other people.

B) is entirely determined by natural inclinations.

1) only A is true; 3) both A and B are correct;

2) only B is true; 4) both judgments are incorrect.

1. Are the following judgments about the unconscious in a person true?

A) The unconscious in a person exists only in early childhood; as he grows up, it is replaced by the conscious.

B) In the early stages of human history, the unconscious principle prevailed over the conscious.

1) only A is true; 3) both A and B are correct;

2) only B is true; 4) both judgments are incorrect.

1. Are the following judgments about human life in society true?

A) A person’s very nature has the ability to live in society and interact with other people.

B) Socially significant qualities are formed in a person only under the influence of society.

1) only A is true; 3) both A and B are correct;

2) only B is true; 4) both judgments are incorrect.

1. Fill in the missing word.

A) ___________, unlike other types of human activity, is possible only with a partner.

B) The decisive conditions for the socialization of an individual, during which a person learns norms, patterns of behavior, knowledge, and life experience of previous generations, are education and __________.

1. Social qualities of a person are:

1) the ability to communicate using articulate speech;

2) the ability to defend against enemies;

3) the ability to find food and arrange a home;

4) the ability to procreate;

5) the ability to transform the natural environment;

6) the ability to create new objects that have no natural analogues.

1. The basic human feelings are:

1) friendship; 2) enmity; 3) game; 4) labor;

5) love; 6) hatred; 7) fear.

Human. Individual. Personality.

Option 2.

1. The quality of a person that distinguishes him from an animal is:

1) the ability to procreate;

2) the ability to defend against enemies;

3) the ability to find contrasts and arrange housing;

4) fear of death.

1. Which of the following human needs is social?

1) in food; 2) warm; 3) in protection from enemies; 4) in communication.

1. A person’s personality means:

1) originality of appearance;

2) qualities that develop in the process of interaction with society;

3) qualities inherent in a person from birth, innate instincts;

4) uniqueness and uniqueness of an individual person.

1. Among the necessary conditions for the socialization of an individual and the formation of a personality,
   superfluous :

1) carrying out joint labor activities;

2) the development of a child outside human society;

3) communication with other people;

4) participation in social activities.

1. The following have the potential to develop cognitive abilities:

1) only people with higher education;

2) only children attending kindergarten or school;

3) all people from birth;

4) children born from educated parents.

1. The primary socialization of an individual, during which he learns norms and patterns of behavior, is carried out:

1) throughout life; 3) primarily in childhood;

2) during the period of maturity; 4) after completing schooling.

1. A necessary condition for the implementation of any human activity is:

1) the presence of a motive due to certain needs;

2) approval of the expected results of activities by others;

3) putting forward a positive socially significant goal;

4) the presence of mutual understanding in the work team.

1. A person can determine what he really is:

1) only by isolating yourself from communication with other people;

2) not being interested in the opinions of others about oneself;

3) comparing yourself with other people, finding out their opinions about themselves;

4) solely on the basis of other people’s opinions about themselves.

1. The roles of a person, acquired by him in the process of interaction with society as a whole, other people, characterize him as:

1) individual; 3) individuality;

2) personality; 4) an individual.

1. Self-knowledge means (are):

1) the formation of a person’s views about himself, his needs, capabilities, interests;

2) a person’s views on the world, the origin of the universe, the relationship between nature and people;

3) a person’s assimilation of norms and patterns of positive social behavior;

4) formation of principles and rules of human behavior in a small group.

1. The main thing in characterizing a person’s personality is:

1) features of the course of mental processes;

2) innate abilities;

3) features of thinking and speech;

4) participation in the life of society, conscious activities.

1. Are the following statements about human freedom true?

Human freedom in society means:

A) absolute permissiveness and arbitrariness, the right to do whatever you want, regardless of anything.

B) responsibility when making independent decisions.

1) only A is true; 3) both A and B are correct;

2) only B is true; 4) both judgments are incorrect.

1. Are the following statements about human activity true?

Human activity:

A) always has a creative character and constructive orientation.

B) is determined only by his natural instincts.

1) only A is true; 3) both A and B are correct;

2) only B is true; 4) both judgments are incorrect.

1. Are the following judgments about the inner world of a person true?

The inner spiritual world of man:

A) make up feelings, emotions, experiences associated with life and communication in a social environment.

B) due to the characteristics of temperament, thinking and memory.

1) only A is true; 3) both A and B are correct;

2) only B is true; 4) both judgments are incorrect.

1. Are the following statements about self-knowledge correct?

A) To know yourself, you need to observe yourself and analyze your actions.

B) To know yourself, you need to monitor the attitude of others towards you, their assessments of their actions.

1) only A is true; 3) both A and B are correct;

2) only B is true; 4) both judgments are incorrect.

1. Fill in the missing word.

A) The goal of people’s cognitive activity is to obtain reliable _____________.

B) A special property inherent only to humans that distinguishes them from other living beings is ___________, which is defined as the process of reflecting the world in concepts, judgments, and theories produced by the human brain.

1. Biological (natural) qualities of a person are:

1) the ability to communicate using articulate speech;

2) the ability to defend against enemies;

3) the ability to find food and arrange a home;

4) the ability to procreate;

5) the ability to transform the natural environment;

6) taking care of children.

1. Are the following judgments about human life in society true?

A) A person’s very nature has the ability to live in society and interact with other people.

B) Socially significant qualities are formed in a person only under the influence of society.

1) only A is true; 3) both A and B are correct;

2) only B is true; 4) both judgments are incorrect.

Strong personality

Throughout life, a person can find himself in extreme situations, which become a test of how strong his inner core is - individuality and personality. How rooted and part of the “I” are his beliefs, principles, worldview, etc.

Austrian psychiatrists Bruno Bettelheim and Viktor Frankl, who were imprisoned in concentration camps during World War II, wrote that a person’s very life sometimes depends on the preservation of individuality. The conditions of the concentration camps led not only to physical exhaustion, but also to the destruction of personality - the goal of the fascists was to lower prisoners to the level of an individual occupied only with biological needs. In practice, although such an individual became an “ideal” obedient prisoner, he quickly lost the will to live, memory, abilities and even the instinct of self-preservation.

Frankl and Bettelheim, by their own admission, were helped to survive only by the desire to preserve their individuality - to continue mental work, to set life goals for themselves, even if their realization was unlikely at that time. So, Bettelheim, deprived of the ability to write, composed a book in his head, and Frankl, together with a group of doctors, organized a secret service for psychological assistance to other prisoners. A strong personality, as the highest stage of development, is characterized by the ability to overcome life circumstances, placing spiritual values ​​not only above material, but also above biological needs.

So, we figured out what personality is in social science and how this term differs from concepts such as “individual” and “man”. In addition to the theoretical material, we offer a short test.

Properties that characterize an individual

Each concept has its own special features that it possesses. The thing is that in psychology the term “individual” can be characterized by a number of properties. First of all, these are: gender, age category, body features, and characteristics of the functioning of brain activity. Secondly, other inclinations of a person, for example, the type of temperament, can be safely attributed to the properties of an individual. Age qualities can determine a number of characteristics of a person that identify him, the process of his formation as a result of ontogenesis.

Sexual characteristics are the distinctive features of gender. One can name a number of individual-typical parameters that are presented from the point of view of general somaticity, or as constitutional qualities that have neurodynamic distinctive features. Neurodynamic characteristics in this context should be considered as separate aspects of the human psyche.

What characterizes a person as a person

The word “personality” itself had a negative connotation, since since ancient times it has meant a mask under which a person’s true face is hidden.

Typically, the word “mask” was used to characterize a person’s social image, and most often it was used as an insult.

But a lot of time has passed, and now the word “personality” is widely used both in everyday life of ordinary citizens and in educational literature.

Manifestations of personality can be both permanent and temporary: at one moment a person can show willpower, and in another situation he can simply remain silent.

Similarity of concepts

Speaking about the similarity and correlation of these two concepts, it is worth noting that the personality still remains an individual, since in the process of its formation the mental qualities inherent at birth develop. In the process of human activity, he develops traits that distinguish him from other people. If we talk about personal properties, these include:

1. Self-awareness is when a person realizes that he needs to do something to develop.
2. Maturity, which implies a prepared psyche at different stages.
3. The process of socialization, which involves interaction with society and dependence on it.
4. Directionality, which involves the expression of a person in various roles.
5. Privilege, which presupposes a certain place in society depending on the strength of the individual and its parameters.

What is the difference between an individual and an individual?

Although these two words have the same root, they have completely different meanings. The first term can be applied to virtually any person who lives among people, has adapted to society and is not only a biological species, but also a representative of society. But the second definition involves the development of the individual. You can develop natural, innate properties (never cut your hair, they will grow to incredible sizes), or you can get acquired ones.

Often people consider themselves individuals only because they try to go against the general opinion. Such informals really differ from the crowd, but the problem is that there are a lot of them, they are already creating their own informal mass. Among her, tattoos, ripped jeans, green hair and ear tunnels become commonplace. Thus, only one that is invented independently and not copied from another can be considered an individual solution.

What are the differences between the terms individual, individuality and personality: characteristics

Let's take into account:

1. An individual is a single representative of the human race, a separate person, regardless of his real anthropological and social characteristics.
2. Individuality is the unique originality of a person’s manifestations, emphasizing the versatility and harmony, naturalness and ease of his activities.
3. Personality is a human individual who is a subject of conscious activity, possessing a set of socially significant traits, properties and qualities that he realizes in public life.

The individual and his structure

An individual's personality can be divided into three interacting structures, as Jung says: the ego, the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. The first contains the entire set of thoughts, feelings, sensations and memories, thanks to which a person perceives himself holistically, fully and feels like one of the people.

Conflicts and memories, previously well imprinted in the memory, but forgotten over time, belong to the category of the personal unconscious. The reason why these memories are left behind and become forgotten lies in their lack of vividness. There are echoes of Freud in this, but Jung went further and said that the personal unconscious contains complexes that hiddenly influence the behavior of the individual.

For example, if an individual has a hidden thirst for power, he will even unconsciously strive for it. A similar scheme also works with a person who is under significant influence from parents or friends.

Once formed, a complex is difficult to overcome because it takes root in any relationship. What about the collective unconscious? This is a deeper layer of structure in which universal human memories and thoughts of ancestors are latent. Feelings and memory of the universal human past lie in every individual. The content of the collective unconscious is the same for absolutely all people and is a legacy of the past.

What is personal experience based on?

The “social mirror” is constantly in front of each of us. In childhood, when assessing one’s own abilities, a person is based on the opinions of those closest to him, and with age, on the assessments of competent specialists. A mature person understands that he is an individual, and his individuality is unique.

The influence of personal experience cannot be underestimated. That is why children raised in the same family are very different. They have similar group experiences (but not identical ones). In addition to the family, children communicate in the external environment and with different people. Even twins with the same set of genes cannot constantly be in exactly the same conditions, meet the same people and experience identical emotions.

This is why every personal experience is unique. According to psychoanalysts, certain incidents that happen to people may well turn out to be critical, setting the tone for subsequent emotional reactions.

Personal qualities

The definition of “personality” is understood as a specific subject who is distinguished by the ability of cognition, self-awareness, emotional experiences, as well as the ability to influence the world around him and build relationships with other individuals. Psychologists believe that this term refers to anyone who occupies a position in society and is capable of fulfilling a certain role.

Personality cannot be formed outside of society and without connection with it; its main characteristics are the following potentials:

• informative;
• creative;
• communicative;
• value;
• art.

The will of a responsible subject, the ability to control one’s life and build relationships are considered the basis for personal development. These are individuals who understand that natural inclinations cannot control the mind, and a person must consciously guide his own behavior.

For example, a three-year-old child cannot be considered a mature personality. He is not yet aware of why he acted this way and not otherwise, and what consequences his action may lead to. He acts based on his upbringing and habits that he developed in childhood.

It is difficult to call a person who does not have a stable, solid “I” a personality. Many people live in a pattern, mechanically reacting to what is happening in the world around them, and follow exclusively their instincts. If there are adequate habits and their reasonable external manifestations, a decent person appears in society, but without his own “I”.

The formation and definition of a person as an individual is a long process that is associated with:

• with the choice of social roles and functions performed;
• awareness and acceptance of rules and norms of behavior;
• the ability to build relationships and be part of society;
• choose your behavior model responsibly and independently.

It should be understood that in society those who are capable of being different from everyone else always attract attention. But psychologists focus on those features that make this happen. One can always be called a person who knows how to stand out, but not everyone who stands out has the right to be considered a person. Only worthy behavior is the main social characteristic of a subject. Outstanding people have always been distinguished by their determination and willpower, and they are usually perceived as role models.

Interrelation of concepts

All of the above related mainly to the differences between the concepts under consideration. At the same time, there is a relationship between all of them, which also cannot be ignored. The concepts of “individual”, “individuality” and “personality” can be considered as stages of a person’s personal evolution. Every person becomes an individual immediately after birth. As he grows up, he acquires individuality , which consists of genetically determined and acquired properties.

Personality and individuality are formed in parallel, largely under the influence of the same factors. As an individual develops psychologically, he acquires unique traits that help him interact better with society and the environment. At the same time, all three concepts are applicable to it, which characterize it from different sides. Each person is an individual, personality and individuality. And what to call it depends on the goals and objectives set.