Hello, dear readers of the KtoNaNovenkogo.ru blog. This term is familiar to almost every adult who is responsible for his life (and the life of his family).
And for some reason, most people have not entirely pleasant associations with it. This happens when this concept is considered in too narrow a context or is interpreted incorrectly.
What is discipline, and is it really so terrible? Let’s take a closer look.
What is discipline?
Discipline is a person’s ability to comply with generally accepted social norms and adhere to a certain routine. These rules are most often clearly stated, but sometimes a person supplements them with his own. For example, it is customary to go to work, say, at 8 am. Some particularly responsible employee “modifies” the requirement and goes to 7.30. This is his personal initiative.
The very concept of discipline can be viewed on two levels. In a narrow sense, it is control of one’s behavior (internal psychological attitudes). In a broad sense, we are talking about the socialization of the individual, his actions that fit into the general doctrine of the chosen social group (the demands of other people). That is, the army has its own discipline, the factory has another, and the sports section has a third. Discipline is needed even for those who do not know how to force themselves to do exercises.
Sometimes paradoxes or disciplinary phenomena may occur when generally accepted norms run counter to individual concepts. In this case, the person either adapts to the requirements of the team or falls out of it. There may be a thoughtless inheritance of other people's principles, which negatively reflects on the individual.
In most cases, discipline is good for a person. A clear schedule and work schedule, as well as respect for social values, helps to better adapt to the team. They are more likely to enter into cooperation agreements with such people, and are more likely to be friends or build romantic relationships. The main thing is to know moderation in everything: while respecting the principles of others, do not humiliate your own.
Consequences of violation
As liability for non-compliance with labor rules, the employee is subject to a penalty, the choice of which depends on the severity of the offense:
- comment;
- rebuke;
- dismissal for appropriate reasons.
Application of several penalties for one offense is not allowed.
The Labor Code prohibits the use of penalties not established by law (Part 4 of Article 192 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). For example, monetary fines or deprivation (reduction) of bonuses are not used as disciplinary penalties for failure to comply with discipline. Local acts, including orders, on the application of monetary fines are illegal.
As for the option of depriving a bonus as an edifying measure: bonuses, in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, are an incentive payment and not a penalty measure. But if the enterprise has a bonus system, then the regulations on bonuses provide for which the employee’s bonus is reduced or not paid in full. One of these conditions is failure to fulfill duties. In this case, the local act on bonuses must establish the conditions and procedure, including documentation, in accordance with which the amount of the bonus is reduced or the employee is deprived of the bonus completely.
Types of discipline
Since man is a biosocial being, he needs to belong to certain communities. These can be friendly or work groups, as well as party, religious and other organizations. In this regard, it is customary to talk about different types of discipline:
- State - based on civil relationships;
- Labor – takes place in work teams;
- Technological – necessary in production processes;
- Financial – established during financial relationships;
- Military – obligatory for military personnel;
- Contractual – arises in contractual legal relations;
- Self-discipline is established in relation to oneself.
If we talk specifically about state discipline, it is worth noting that it is closely related to law and order and legality. The first ensures the sustainable development of the social mechanism. Legality establishes the rules of law and order.
Traditions, customs, morality and law play a significant role in shaping public opinion. In some cases they may be mutually exclusive, but more often than not they complement each other.
Motivation. "Want"
Motivation is the “ignition key” for a person and what helps to bring what he started to its logical conclusion. It is at the basis of almost all of our actions that it serves to promote and maintain their direction. We can safely say that action will not be born without motivation.
Motivation is an important factor for survival. Why? It encourages us to search for resources (food and water), satisfy the reproductive instinct (creating a family and having children), and purchase or rent a home (satisfy the need for security). All of the above examples can be considered basic motives that do not depend on culture and are inherent to all people without exception. Without a sufficient level of motivation, you cannot effectively learn new skills and do what you love.
It is impossible to consider motivation as something integral, because it differs in a number of ways.
By direction:
- External.
It is not related to the essence of a specific activity, but is determined by external circumstances. “I’ll let you watch a cartoon for an hour if you learn this poem.” - Internal.
Associated with the essence of a specific activity, and not with external circumstances. “I really want to read this book, so I’ll set aside an hour to read it tonight.”
By emotional coloring:
- Positive motivation is based on pleasure.
“If I study English responsibly, then in six months I will be able to communicate reasonably well with native speakers.” - Negative motivation is based on avoiding pain.
“If I don’t study English responsibly, I won’t be able to pass the embassy interview and won’t go to the US this summer.”
According to the degree of stability:
- Sustainable motivation.
Based on human needs and does not require additional reinforcement. “I want to eat, so I’ll go and cook some dumplings for myself now.” - Unsustainable motivation.
Requires additional reinforcement. “I really want cookies, so if someone at home goes to the store in the evening, I’ll ask them to buy them for me.”
Of course, when talking about motivation, one cannot help but mention Abraham Maslow’s famous pyramid, which the scientist described in his book in 1954. He combined all human needs into seven groups:
- Physiological (biological): food, sleep, sexual desire.
- Security needs: feeling of security, relief from failures and fears.
- Needs for belonging and love: to be accepted in society, to feel loved.
- Esteem needs: achieving success, professionalism and competence, social recognition.
- Cognitive needs: knowledge, skills and exploration.
- Aesthetic needs: desire for order and completeness.
- Self-actualization needs: searching and finding oneself in this world.
Maslow believed that satisfaction of higher order needs should come after satisfaction of lower order needs. Agree, it is very problematic to engage in self-development when you have no money to buy food and/or nowhere to live.
No matter how much we are told that we need to constantly motivate ourselves, there is a certain level of motivation for each person in a certain situation - the so-called optimum. It has been experimentally established that there is a certain limit beyond which an increase in motivation will ultimately lead to a deterioration in results. This phenomenon is described by the Yerkes-Dodson law.
He argues that optimal results are achieved with an average level of motivation. If the level of motivation is excessively high, this automatically entails increased tension and involvement in the process, which means that sooner or later excitement, anxiety, stress, etc. will appear in the activity. Suffice it to recall professional burnout, which occurs among overzealous workers who do not pay enough attention to proper sleep and rest.
How to become disciplined?
It is impossible to develop corporate discipline without introducing its fundamentals into personal life. If a person is extremely disorderly in everyday life, then you shouldn’t expect orderliness from him in the workplace. Accordingly, the development of this skill should begin with the daily routine and the organization of personal space.
The following techniques will help you develop discipline:
- Sports activities;
- Sleep and nutrition schedule;
- Planning your time;
- Concentration and perseverance training;
- Regular motivation.
Following these simple recommendations will significantly increase a person’s composure.
1. Sports activities.
Many people have encountered a paradox in life when athletes, who are often considered “not disfigured” by their intellect, for some reason become influential businessmen, politicians, and public figures.
Let's throw away stereotypes and conventions. Athletes often achieve success through their persistence and discipline. They develop these skills while visiting the gym, at training camps or competitions. After all, any successful performance is always preceded by dedicated training and a strict daily schedule.
Accordingly, anyone who lacks composure can learn from athletes. Once you sign up for any section, your level of self-discipline will increase noticeably.
2. Sleep and nutrition schedule.
The schedule of these components of life is extremely important for everyone. Restoration of strength depends on healthy and regular sleep, and filling the body with the necessary energy depends on proper nutrition. If you develop a clear sleep and wake-up routine, as well as regulate your diet, your overall vital energy will noticeably increase, you will have more time for work and a desire to do something. Discipline begins with the most basic elements. Sleep and nutrition are practically the basis of everything.
3. Planning your time.
Problems with discipline are often experienced by people who do not know how to plan their day. Any impromptu takes additional resources for adaptation and quick response. If a person plans his personal and work time, then all sorts of “surprises” happen less often. Of course, accidents may occur, but they will not be so frequent as to spoil the overall statistics.
Two planning methods are recommended: weekly and daily. The first allows you to deal with the most important tasks seven days in advance. The second adjusts the tasks according to the circumstances. It is best to plan the next day in the evening, and in the morning quickly adjust plans to accommodate possible changes. The main thing is to learn how to accomplish everything you plan, strictly following your schedule.
4. Training concentration and perseverance.
The main enemy of discipline is absent-mindedness. If you learn to concentrate, it will become much easier to control yourself. The skill of perseverance is also important.
It is best to develop these skills in a playful way, performing various exciting exercises. For example, you can download a thematic mobile application to your phone, daily developing concentration and perseverance, without any additional devices.
5. Regular motivation.
Any discipline must be motivated, otherwise it turns into meaningless violence against oneself. A person must realize why he should be collected. For example, a girl decided to lose extra pounds, went on a diet, and signed up for a fitness class. She hung a poster at home with a beautiful, curvy athlete in the arms of a real macho. I installed this screensaver on my computer desktop and phone screen. The motive is always before her eyes, regularly reminding her why she started training and eating right. The desire to look attractive is fueled by the contemplation of the chosen role model.
Discipline helps a person to more effectively complete the tasks that he sets for himself. In addition, it simplifies the process of socialization, allowing you to become part of society. If you approach the development of this skill creatively, then no internal resistance will arise, and your performance will increase.
When penalties are not applied
The law does not establish preferential categories of workers who cannot be held accountable for violation of discipline. But there are procedures for applying penalties and deadlines that must be observed.
At the same time, it is necessary to take into account guarantees for certain categories of workers.
Example:
A pregnant woman, according to Art. 261 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, it is impossible to dismiss at the initiative of the employer, except in cases of liquidation of the enterprise. But this does not mean that one should turn a blind eye to the violation. It is necessary to use other collection measures.
For guilty actions, the employer holds the employee accountable, including dismissal, if this is provided for by the norms of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Even if as a result the employee loses some benefits.
The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, in its ruling dated June 23, 2015 No. 1243-O, recognized the dismissal of an employee for absenteeism as legal, as a result of which she will lose the housing received under the target program, as she will lose her benefits.
In addition, penalties cannot be applied if deadlines are missed.
Classification of discipline
Society requires people to follow rules. Why is discipline needed? Philosophers for many centuries have tried to understand its essence. Their work necessitated the division of the discipline into two more groups:
- external;
- internal.
External discipline. This is control by other people. Using the example of school discipline, these are the requirements that the administration and teachers make of students. This type is undergoing changes. You can compare the school rules of the past with the modern state of affairs and make sure that they have become simpler and more democratic. External discipline is fear of punishment. Someone is constantly monitoring her.
Internal discipline is a different kind. Here everything happens inside a person. He creates the rules himself, implements them himself, and chooses the punishment for their violation. It is called self-control, self-discipline or consciousness.
Internal discipline educates a person, external discipline does the same, but in its own way. In any case, the term is aimed at society and relationships among people.
List of academic subjects studied at school in previous years [edit | edit code]
Mathematical [edit | edit code]
Arithmetic: 1st - 4th grade
Natural science [ edit | edit code]
Natural history: grades 1–4 (currently grade 5, not everywhere).
Drawing (grades 5-9). It is studied at the discretion of school management.
Humanitarian [edit | edit code]
Social studies or Man and Society (C&S): 5(9)—11th grade
Philological [ edit | edit code]
Native literature: grades 1–4 (only in republics with their own language)
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Deadlines
The announcement of a reprimand or reprimand, an order of dismissal for violations is issued no later than a month from the day they learned about the incident. Missing this deadline removes responsibility from the violator. If information about a violation is made public, six months have already passed since its commission, it is also impossible to punish the offender.
The penalty is lifted automatically if the citizen is no longer subject to disciplinary action within a year. The employee has the right to petition for the removal of the punishment before this period. The employer makes a decision on this issue independently, at the request of the immediate superior and the petition of the representative body.
Structure of the U.D program
As a rule, each university draws up its own academic discipline program. At the same time, it must comply with unified state educational standards.
Typically the program consists of four sections:
- Passport. It describes the scope of application of UD, its goals and objectives, its place in the structure of the main professional educational program, as well as the total number of academic hours allocated to the study of this subject.
- Structure and content. This section describes the types of academic work and the amount of time allocated for them. The content of the academic discipline is also described in detail here.
- Conditions of implementation. This section provides a list of material and technical support necessary for the student to fully master the subject being studied. A list of literature on the discipline is also provided here. Moreover, there is a separate list for students, and a separate list for teachers.
- Monitoring and assessing the level of mastery of the presented material. This section describes what pupils/students must learn and how the teacher will test their knowledge (oral quizzes, quizzes, independent work, etc.). Also, there must be criteria for assessing knowledge and skills; the procedure for forming grades for the discipline.
In addition to the points above, some programs may contain additional information, such as examples of assessment tools for monitoring and certification. As well as data on the educational technologies used (can be supplemented with methodological recommendations).
Subjects in the 2nd year of medical university
In the second year, students continue to study subjects that they started in the first year of medical university. A few new ones are added to them:
- microbiology;
- normal physiology;
- and others.
Microbiology is the science that studies microorganisms, their biological characteristics and interactions with other creatures and the human body.
Normal physiology is a medical discipline that studies the proper functioning of human systems, as well as the functions of the body and individual cells.
Normal physiology is a very important subject, the essence of which is to help students understand how the system and individual human organs should work in a healthy state. This is necessary so that they can then distinguish the norm from pathologies.
Rewards and punishments
In Art. 191 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation talks about incentives for work. They are defined as:
- Gratitude;
- bonuses;
- giving a gift;
- presentation of a certificate of honor;
- nomination for the title of best in the profession.
Other types of incentives may be reflected in local documents: PVTR, collective agreement, in addition, in disciplinary statutes and regulations approved by the Government for special categories of employees. Outstanding labor achievements may be recognized with state awards.
Penalties for negligent workers are strictly limited. The employer has the right:
- make a remark;
- reprimand;
- dismiss the employee.
The use of arbitrarily invented punishments, for example, fines for poor performance, reduction of rest time, is illegal. Certain categories of employees may be subject to additional penalties in accordance with industry and intersectoral statutory documents and regulations.
On a note. Separate categories include railway workers, employees of paramilitary mine rescue groups, customs officers, nuclear workers, sailors, and maritime workers. The effect of professional statutes and regulations does not apply to all workers in the industry, but only to those whose professional actions are potentially dangerous.
Structural components of self-discipline
Modern society is structured in such a way that, despite the numerous external factors that contribute to the discipline of each individual, he is able to achieve something worthwhile in his life only through self-discipline. And it rests on three pillars.
- Self-control is the ability to adequately assess one’s achievements and failures, as well as purposefully work on self-improvement.
- Patience and persistence. Without these qualities, all efforts are in vain, since only systematic daily work to achieve your goal can bring beneficial results.
- Timeliness. No matter how well the work is done, if it is not delivered within the pre-agreed deadline, it loses its relevance. It’s like with an athlete who came to the finish line last: he completed the task assigned to him, but was too late and was left without a medal.
