The main spheres of human life and their significance

The scope of activity is a choice of labor, work and services, which includes various areas of work activity in which certain tasks and processes are performed, aimed at achieving certain results.

In organizations, the scope of activity is a certain type of work and services provided for by the charter, which includes various areas of activity.

Today there are a huge number of fields of activity, ranging from medicine to art. And prosperity, career and quality of life depend on whether a person or the whole is engaged. The very meaning of the phrase “field of activity” presupposes some area of ​​work. Essentially, these are works or services that are provided by companies, enterprises, certain organizations or individuals. But the list of services provided by a particular organization necessarily depends on its field of activity. Having chosen a field of activity, a company or individual seeks to “occupy its niche in the market,” and the further prosperity of the company or individual depends on the correctness of this choice.

Concept of life activity

This concept is used in connection with the maintenance and preservation of human life. In this sense, life activity is understood as a set of processes that ensure the flow of biological processes in the human body. However, people are not only biological individuals, but also social beings. Therefore, the concept of life activity is also interpreted as our activity within the framework of public life. From this perspective, various spheres of human life are highlighted. And the concept of life activity is used not only in its literal meaning, but also in an expanded understanding. In this case, it is worth paying attention to the etymology of the term. Its first root denotes the form of existence of matter, but in addition to its biological meaning, it has a broader interpretation. In this case, life refers to the period of someone’s existence (for example, a person’s life from birth to death). There is another meaning for this word - the fullness of the manifestation of spiritual and physical strength. In this sense, life is opposed to existence.

The second root of the term in question is also polysemantic. In psychology, activity is understood as a person’s meaningful and purposeful interaction with the world. There are several main types of activities: communication, work, play, learning. Thus, this term can be interpreted as a person’s interaction with the world, occurring in different forms throughout its existence.

Important personality traits

Every person in his workplace should be able to treat others professionally. He must have normal mental and physical development that meets the requirements of the specialty or profession.

One of the main important qualities is correct and cultural communication. Each employee should be able to share their knowledge and skills. However, it is also necessary to have a business style. If necessary, an employee must be able to explain the mistakes of another person in a civilized manner, without shouting and reproaches.

With proper communication, the success of work and its implementation increases. Each enterprise has an agreement. Before starting a job, a person must familiarize himself with it. The contract contains a clause that describes the important professional qualities of the individual. The company encourages employees to adhere to them.

The quality of professional activity depends on salary, interest, motive, character, attitude and working conditions. If employees are given a great motivation to work, then they will not only improve themselves, but will also help the company develop.

Character is an important quality of a person. You cannot show your unfriendliness and bad mood in the workplace. You must always remember that at work you need to perform exclusively your duties. Always leave your bad mood outside the office doors. Not only the quality of the work performed, but also the atmosphere as a whole depends on you.

The area of ​​professional activity is not only enterprises, but also scientific research, social or economic manifestations.

Biological activity

Within the framework of biology and the theory of life safety, this concept is understood as a set of biological processes that support human life. In this aspect, metabolism is important as a certain set of chemical reactions that supports the flow of life. Another concept that is associated with biological life is homeostasis. It means the system’s ability to self-regulate, to maintain stability and dynamic balance. In this interpretation, the main spheres of human life include production and household areas. In them, a person obtains his means of subsistence and ensures the renewal of his own resources in the process of rest and work.

Social life

In addition to the biological idea of ​​life in the humanities, we can talk about the social aspect of this phenomenon. Within the framework of social relations, population reproduction occurs, and people are provided with the necessary resources to meet their needs. Man is not only a biological system. He also exists in society and this makes him a person with specific needs and requirements. To be satisfied, to develop harmoniously, a person needs various areas to apply his strength. The realization of a person in different spheres is a condition for the fullness of his life and happiness. All spheres of human activity must be harmoniously interconnected.

How to achieve harmony

Ideally, a person should have all spheres connected, and 2-3 should be well pumped. Then he will be full of energy and strength, purposeful, stable, self-confident and practically invulnerable to various addictions.

But another picture is more common: most of a person’s spheres are frustrated. This means that there is neither desire nor strength to engage in them, and they cause nothing but boredom. But there is one favorite area to which you want to devote all your time. A person may be passionate about work and think about it day and night. Or he may be fixated on image or a healthy lifestyle.

This situation is fertile ground for various addictions. Our selfless worker may not notice how he turns into a workaholic. And the zodiac looks like an obsessed hypochondriac. And then everything good that a person received from his favorite sphere will be destroyed.

To achieve harmony, it is important to develop as many areas as possible.

Another danger is that a person is very vulnerable if he has only one source of joy and happiness. Something will happen to your favorite area and that’s it – it’s lost. Life will lose its meaning, the sun will go out. Many people in this situation commit suicide or plunge into deep depression.

To avoid this, you need to systematically deal with all areas and resources and not focus on one. Even if at first it seems uninteresting and boring to you. You'll see: it won't be long before you get involved in the process. What seemed tedious or energy-consuming will begin to bring pleasure.

Spheres of life

There are several approaches to identifying the basic areas in which a person realizes himself and in which he provides himself with the necessary resources and means for existence. The traditional approach reveals five areas:

• material production;
• axiological;
• scientific, or the production of theoretical knowledge;
• political or management of social processes;
• social sphere of human life.

Each of the identified spheres has its own specific features and plays a different role in human life.

In psychology, it is customary to distinguish the following areas of human activity: physical, social, intellectual and spiritual. Sociologists add legal and political to the above areas. Each of the discovered areas of human activity has a special significance in human life. In the theory of human self-realization, there are 7 key areas of his activity: spiritual and personal growth, health, career, finances, relationships and brightness of life.

Areas of human life: what they are, their characteristics and how to improve them

Every time you make plans for the future, set a goal for yourself. It could be something that seems insignificant in the grand scheme of your life (cleaning the house after work), or it could be something that would be very impactful (taking an MBA course).

No matter how small the task you set for yourself, you have created a goal. After this, move from a passive state to active participation in some area of ​​your life.

However, this is not a reason to concentrate on just one thing. Various areas of life require development. Consider these important parts of your life: career, finances, health, leisure, organization, relationships, and spirituality.

If you set goals in all seven of these areas, you will not only feel a sense of purpose and progress. But you can also take control of your life and achieve what you want for yourself.

An effective goal setting method involves the drive and desire to achieve success. You may question whether the effort is worthwhile. After all, accidents sometimes rule the roost.

Let's consider an example of studying at a university, where the result is obtaining a diploma. It also requires self-organization in doing even the most favorite thing.

Physical sphere

This area is often called the most important, because it is the one that is associated with the continuation of human existence. The basic concept in this area is health. A person must maintain his health and provide his body with the necessary resources. However, by focusing only on the physical aspects of his life, a person will lose the spiritual and social principles that make him human. Therefore, the physical sphere is certainly important, but cannot be called the most important in human development.

What is a bank

Banks are an integral element of any economy, be it global, national or regional. The banking sector connects individuals, businesses, the state and other financial participants.

A bank is a financial and credit institution that carries out transactions with funds, securities, metals and contractual obligations, the subject of which are funds or other financial instruments, for example, an assignment agreement.

There are, in the broadest sense, 2 types of banks:

• The Central Bank is a government agency, which is separated from other government bodies, is in charge of financial and monetary policy issues, supervises financial institutions, issues money and government securities, and lends to commercial banks. The banking sector is under the supervision of the Central Bank.
• A commercial bank is a private or public institution created for the purpose of making a profit through banking operations.

Social sphere

This area includes relationships between people, groups, classes, and institutions. Traditionally, the social sphere is associated with public institutions: social services, education systems, housing and communal services, healthcare, etc. The production and reproduction of people requires the satisfaction of various needs. And for this, a person needs various benefits created in various spheres of life. Society is the environment in which we spend our entire lives. Therefore, the social aspects of human activity are associated with the functioning of basic institutions, with the social roles of a person, with his belonging to certain classes and groups. However, society as a sphere of human life is connected, first of all, with relationships between people, although interaction with institutions is of great importance. For human development, it is extremely important to build harmonious connections with others.

Work to improve results

It is not enough to understand the places where we have problems. We need to find a way to change the situation. To do this, it is proposed to use the so-called SMART method of goal setting.

The word SMART is an acronym that stands for:

1. Specific – specificity of the goal. Here we need a clear criterion that the goal has been achieved. For example, you want to be in good physical shape. It’s better to write not just “be in good physical shape”, but “do 50 push-ups per set” or something else that is more suitable for you, but equally specific.
2. Measurable - the measurability of the goal. Again, in terms of fitness, this should look like “run 3km in 15 minutes”, not just “run 3km”.
3. Achievable - the achievability of a goal. Goals must be feasible for you, or you need to perform understandable actions to achieve them. For example, if you want to have an expensive car, but now you do not have the opportunity to buy any car, then it is better to first set a goal to buy a budget car.
4. Relevant - relevance of the goal. Ask yourself the question, why do I need this? This is really your desire, or maybe just the result of advertising suggestions. If you are not sure that this goal is really needed for you, at the first stage it is better to set some intermediate, easily achievable goal in this direction in order to understand your feelings and finally decide.
5. Time-bound – time limit on the goal. I think this is clear without explanation.

Intellectual sphere

When considering the spheres of human life, it is impossible to ignore the area of ​​production of thoughts, ideas, and images. The intellectual sphere usually includes professional development, setting life goals, reflection on the meaning of life, working with emotions, cognitive and creative activities. This area is also associated with the consumption of intellectual products produced by other people. A person must develop his thinking, since satisfaction with the existing state of affairs, its values, and the meaningfulness of life depend on this.

Professions without higher education

To get a job that involves communicating with people, it is not necessary to have a higher specialized education. There are specialties that are mastered independently or by taking courses or training sessions. Among them are the following:

Sales consultant and sales manager. Due to their activities, sales consultants must have charm, sociability, and the ability to find an individual approach to each customer

For many, their earnings directly depend on sales, so communication is extremely important for consultants. Sales managers not only look for new customers, but also interest them in purchasing a product or service

At the same time, representatives of this profession are regularly exposed to stress and leave their comfort zone.

Beauty industry worker. This category is represented by stylists, spa workers, hairdressers, and manicurists. Success lies not only in skills and experience, but also in the ability to establish good contact with clients. Employees who give useful advice and create a pleasant atmosphere during work are always in high demand.

Service worker Much attention in this area is paid to appearance, the ability to find an approach to everyone, and the ability to present the necessary information in an accessible manner. The group of professions includes hostesses, waiters, administrators, bartenders, baristas, etc.

Advertiser. All professions in this field are inextricably linked with interaction with people, both directly and remotely. Communication skills, attracting attention, establishing connections with customers are the main features without which it is impossible to imagine advertisers. Specialties include designers of advertising products, copywriters for writing slogans, managers for working with clients - customers, for example, TV spots, banners, etc.

All of the above are professions whose object of attention is a person. They are related to leadership, organizing events, service, training, and helping people. The main content of the work is interaction with people, the ability and ability to understand them, maintain contacts, and understand the peculiarities of behavior.

Spiritual realm

If you ask the question about which areas of human life are the most significant, then perhaps this area should be put in first place. It includes relationships and activities in the process of creating and consuming spiritual values, as well as their distribution and preservation. This area includes cultural institutions: theaters, museums, educational institutions, libraries. The components of spiritual activity are considered to be values ​​and needs of a higher order. Within the framework of this form of activity, a person generates new images, ideas, produces works of art, new theories and views, and norms. This area also includes spiritual connections between people.

Structure and nature of activities

Unlike animal behavior, human conscious activity has a certain structure.

Various human activities consist of several stages

:

• Decision making process.
• Involvement in activities.
• Goal setting.
• Designing an action program.
• Implementation of the action program.
• Analyzing the results of actions and comparing them with the goals set.

In the process of his activity, a person becomes aware of himself and his actions, compares his needs with his capabilities and, in accordance with this, builds a program of action. As new knowledge and experience is gained, the action program can be adjusted and changed. All these components are absent in animal behavior: for example, a cat will try to climb a tree even if its claws have been cut off. The instinctive nature of animal activity can be illustrated by one well-known example: a rooster, whose head was cut off, but kept alive by artificially introducing food, tried to peck grain, crow and perform other actions characteristic of his “healthy” brothers. The brain was not needed in his life (only the cervical region of the brain was preserved).

Legal area

The condition for preserving society is respect for the rights of citizens and responsibility for their violation. Legal relations are established between people, as well as in relations between a person and the state. They are designed to regulate relations between citizens, protect their rights and freedoms, and ensure social justice. Regulatory mechanisms are divided into prohibitive and permissive. Elements of law penetrate into many other areas of human activity. According to spheres of life, human rights are divided into civil, social, political, economic and cultural. Respect for rights ensures the legal status of the individual and forms in citizens a responsible attitude towards various types of their activities.

Agriculture

In general, all agriculture can be divided into crop production and livestock production. Mushroom growing is also included in a separate group, because from a biological point of view, mushrooms form a separate kingdom, not related to either plants or animals.

In the course of crop production, people receive crops such as:

• grain crops (wheat, rice, corn, oats, barley);
• beans (beans, soybeans, peas);
• forage crops that are used as animal feed;
• industrial crops (flax, hemp, sugar cane, rubber)
• psychoactive substances (tea, coffee, tobacco, coca, marijuana, opium poppy);
• citrus fruits (orange, lemon, tangerine);
• melon (watermelon, pumpkin);
• crops intended for oil production (sunflower, olive tree, mustard, flax).

Separately, viticulture and horticulture are distinguished.

The most important areas of livestock farming are:

• cattle breeding (raising bulls and cows);
• sheep breeding;
• pig farming;
• poultry farming;
• horse breeding;
• rabbit breeding;
• beekeeping.

It is important to note that agricultural activities are greatly influenced by the regional climate. It is almost impossible to grow bananas, citrus fruits, watermelons and many other plants in northern latitudes. However, even in the south, agriculture can be unproductive if the climate is too dry, such as in the Sahara Desert.

Sociocultural factors also play an important role. In Muslim countries there may be no pig farming, and in India they do not eat beef. The production of some psychoactive crops is prohibited by law in most countries of the world. In general, it can be noted that livestock farming is more common in developed countries, since in developing countries a significant part of the population cannot afford regular consumption of meat.

Let us note the fallacy of the opinion that agriculture produces only food. It also makes it possible to obtain products necessary for light industry - animal skins and fur, wool, cotton. Some animals, such as horses, are still used today for transport or for heavy work. A number of crops are used to produce biofuels - firewood, biodiesel and bioethanol.

Political sphere

Human life requires interaction with the state. To exist effectively, society needs management and power. The political sphere of activity is associated with pressure on people in order to submit to established norms and rules. The content of this sphere is considered to be the interaction of subjects (state, political elites, people) in order to satisfy people's needs for order, protection, and security. Also, the political sphere is associated with the implementation of the rights and freedoms of citizens. The components of this sphere are political institutions, political consciousness, rights and norms, and political actions.

What subsystems are distinguished in social science?

Economic sphere

This area consists of the relationships that arise during material production: the creation, exchange, distribution and consumption of goods and services. The economic subsystem of society involves the satisfaction of human material needs and serves as the basis for other social spheres.

The role of the economic sphere:

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1. Creation of a material basis for the life of society.
2. Influence on the stratification of society (example: the emergence of private property caused the formation of class inequality).
3. Indirect influence on politics (example: private property and class inequality led to the emergence of the state).
4. Influence on the spiritual life of society: indirectly on political, legal and moral views; directly to infrastructure (educational and cultural institutions).

The main elements of the economic life of society: economic systems, production, exchange, distribution, forms of ownership, markets, money, budget, banks, taxes, unemployment, entrepreneurial activity.

Political sphere

Includes relations that arise in the process of gaining state power, its preservation, strengthening and use in order to satisfy the interests of certain segments of society.

Features of the political sphere of life:

1. This is the result of the conscious activity of people striving for power with the goal of managing society.
2. Political organizations created by classes and social groups for political purposes act as a material force of influence on the state, government, economic and political social structures.

Components of the political life of society: politics, power, state, separation of powers, forms of state power, political parties, elections, civil society.

Social sphere

It implies the relationships that arise between historical communities and social groups when determining their position in society. The social sphere includes:

• class and national interests, interests of social groups;
• relationships between the individual and society;
• working and living conditions, upbringing and education, health and leisure.

The basis of the relations in the sphere under consideration are the equality and inequality of people relative to their social status. Their different social status is determined by the type of their work and their attitude towards ownership of the means of production.

Components of the social sphere: structure of society; classes, estates, castes, strata, nations and other social groups; social mobility and social elevators; national relations; family.

Spiritual realm

The sphere of spiritual life arises from relationships based on ideas, moral values, religion, art, and education. Spirituality is a system of values ​​of society, reflecting the level of development of consciousness in society, its intellectual and moral potential.

Elements of the spiritual life of society: education, science, culture, art, worldview, faith, religion, morality, ethics, aesthetics, etc.

Sphere of material production

For a prosperous existence, people need many material items that provide comfort and satisfaction of basic needs. The material sphere of human life is characterized by a variety of activities in the production of consumer goods, without which human life would be under threat. This area is often synonymous with the concept of “work activity”. It is possible to highlight the technical and technological aspect and production relations. The first is associated with the use of practical human skills to create various objects and products. And the latter are a social form of labor, which makes the production process itself possible. This area is interesting because within its framework a person not only provides himself with the necessary things and products, but also achieves self-realization and development of his potential.

Human needs

It is said above that activity is a conscious process endowed with meaning. That is, if you do something, you understand why you need it . How is meaning born? Initially, you realize that you need something.

For example, your stomach growls, you realize a need - hunger - and go to the kitchen to prepare food for yourself. If you did not understand your feelings, and specifically, did not recognize the feeling of hunger, then no further action would have followed.

Thus, a need is a need for something.

There are many classifications of this phenomenon, but the most frequently used is “Abraham Maslow’s pyramid of needs” (American behavioral psychologist).

Studying human behavior, he came to the conclusion that in addition to short-term needs (buying a car), which change throughout life, there are basic needs . The latter represent the basis of a happy existence, provided they are satisfied.

1. Physiological - the simplest, but vital needs - sleep, food, air, clothing, etc. This is the very first, primitive level (this is how newborns live).
2. The need for security is necessary for mental peace, because only then can we develop effectively and feel comfortable (the parents are called upon to provide this need to the child).
3. Social needs are variously expressed desires to be with people, to feel part of a family, class, group, country, to belong to people like me. A person cannot live and develop outside of society (adolescents).
4. Esteem Need – We want to be leaders, valued members of society, loved and appreciated (by adults).
5. The need for self-actualization or self-expression is the highest level of needs, which not everyone achieves. Here the individual needs creative development, dissemination of his skills and knowledge, thus expressing his inner “I” (mature people).

A little later, Maslow supplemented his classification with three more types of needs: cognitive (the desire to explore, discover), aesthetic (the desire for harmony and beauty) and transcendental (the selfless transfer of one’s own experience for the purpose of self-improvement of other people).

Sphere of production of theoretical knowledge

When asking the question of what spheres of human activity modern society includes, one cannot help but mention a special sphere - scientific. Since the 17th century, scientific knowledge and exploration of the world has become an increasingly important area of ​​application of human intellectual potential. Scientific knowledge is necessary in order to describe the current state of affairs, find its causes and make predictions. Scientific knowledge allows a person to comprehend the objective laws of the surrounding world. As a field of activity, science is also an area in which a person can realize and develop his potential and achieve self-realization. Science also aims to offer new ways to meet people's urgent needs.

Leisure goals

If you don't have leisure goals, you can end up leading a pretty boring life when you're not at work. Leisure plays a big role in benefiting both you and society. Participation in leisure activities provides an opportunity to focus on your skills, hobbies and interests, and perhaps interact with communities in some way. A goal can help you achieve a dream, such as improving your skills in sports.

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Axiological sphere

Acting in various spheres of life, people are also engaged in creating values ​​and evaluating the results of work, the process of activity, and relationships between people. A person in various spheres of life determines the significance of certain phenomena and things. He evaluates how much they contribute to meeting the needs of the individual and society, how they help people realize their potential and achieve their life goals. Activities for the formation of values ​​usually take place in groups, but the formulated values ​​influence the life of each individual person. They enable people to make their lives meaningful and meaningful.