Basic criteria for a psychological portrait of a personality

Since ancient times, the greatest philosophers have tried to answer the questions: how can one objectively evaluate a person? What are the criteria for assessing personality? Which qualities are more important and which can be classified as secondary? Of course, we will never get an exact answer, because it is subjective and depends on goal setting. For some, a developed personality is one who strives for spirituality; for another, it is a creative person who creates something new every day; for a third, it is one who has unshakable principles and beliefs.

Subjectivity when assessing personality development criteria is obvious. One person can be said to be “the wild and reckless type” and at the same time “the funniest guy at the party.” Thousands of psychological tests, even when compiled according to all canons, can contradict each other.

So how do you assess personality? Testing and diagnostics must meet the following criteria: standardization, norms, reliability and validity. However, due to the incredible complexity in measurements, all this remains a theory, because a shade of subjectivity is still mixed into the assessment.

Personality assessment criteria

If you are doing business or want to find worthy friends who you can rely on in difficult times, then you periodically ask yourself the following questions:

What is most important when assessing a person?
What are the most fundamental qualities in him?

Much depends on your goal setting, that is, what you consider important and valuable for yourself. For example, you may decide that the following criteria are important to you:

Temperament

This is a stable set of individual psychophysiological characteristics of a person associated with dynamic rather than meaningful aspects of activity. Temperament is closely related to character and has a strong influence on it.

Character

This is the structure of persistent, relatively permanent mental properties that determine the characteristics of relationships and behavior of an individual.

Socialization

Socialization means the ability to quickly and easily establish constructive relationships with others. A socialized person is more natural and open, but at the same time flexible, realistic and capable of resolving interpersonal conflicts.

Understanding others

A mature, formed personality is free from stereotypes and prejudices, capable of adequately assessing the surrounding reality and other people.

Such a person accepts people as they are, respects their originality and the right to be themselves.

Creative thinking

A very important quality of a developed personality is that she is able to face life's problems openly and flexibly, finding creative solutions to complex problems.

Mindfulness

This is a continuous monitoring of current experiences, that is, a state in which a person focuses on experiencing the present moment, without becoming involved in thoughts about past events or about the future.

A conscious person understands the consequences of his actions; he first thinks, then acts. She chooses her own reactions, what to feel, how to behave and how to think. Such freedom is achieved through prolonged mental exercise and reflection.

Integrity

This is internal harmony, when the physical, mental and spiritual-moral parts of life are inextricably linked. Integrity occurs when what you say, think and how you behave do not contradict each other. This is how a mentally healthy person should be.

Personal integrity is not given at birth, but is formed primarily under the influence of the external environment or in interaction with the external environment. It is achieved through enormous work on oneself, analysis of one’s psyche and self-reflection.

This does not mean that such a person is self-confident. He is aware of his shortcomings, but does not engage in flagellation, but methodically eradicates them. He develops his strengths and gets rid of his weaknesses.

SWOT: example

We propose to analyze a regular sample. Let's say an individual is looking for a job. We are often quite conservative if we have worked in some place before. In this case, for some reason, we can look for subsequent work in such a way that it is similar to the previous one. However, if we didn’t like it at all in our previous place, then a SWOT study can help us get out of the rut. Someone is able to make us understand some other ways.

Suppose you know similar strengths in yourself: optimal mathematical preparation, understanding of 2 languages, analytical intelligence. Weaknesses: you have moved a little away from your own sphere, you have not observed developments and new products for a long time, and you are not yet very sociable and somewhat withdrawn into yourself. Hazards that are important to you have a good chance of being associated with the organization you work for. Perhaps your plans as a whole will soon be shut down, and the work category will be disbanded. Or perhaps your project has had powerful rivals; here you can analyze the person’s personality. Now let's take a closer look at abilities - this is what will help you introduce yourself to society in the shortest possible time. For example, some very good employer may currently be looking for employees with your qualifications. Or they are currently recruiting for internships at a good experimental center.

Let's say you decide to think about the opportunity and take a closer look at this internship. The ability to understand languages will be a support because it is your strength. But being a little sociable and uncommunicative, you will experience difficulties. You will have to compensate for these traits with something, so this is your weakness.

Now, looking at the preliminary results of the SWOT analysis, you can make some conclusions and formulate projects. For example, you prepare a portfolio and at the same time begin an interview when looking for a new activity, or send an application for internship.

When used consistently, SWOT research can help prevent problems and track abilities for the purpose of personality formation and growth.

Criteria for a mature personality

Various concepts are also put forward on this score, the focus of which is on a variety of elements of the personality structure.

Carl Jung said that a mature personality readily accepts responsibility for its actions. For Carl Rogers, it means the freedom to be yourself, to make your own choices, to manage your life. Next we will get acquainted with the concepts of four psychologists: Kazimierz Obuchowski, Arthur Rean, Gordon Allport and Lidia Bozovic.

Obukhovsky's concept

Polish psychologist Kazimierz Obuchowski's concept is of particular interest because it is the least similar to the others on the list. He proposes to consider four parameters and not single out the main thing among them - all of them must be developed equally in order for the personality to be considered mature.

Feeling of life satisfaction : this is the overall positive background against which a person views his existence. However, this does not mean that such a person cannot experience negative emotions, which are an inevitable reaction to the difficulties of life. At the same time, if the influence of destructive emotions continues long enough, a person loses his ability to develop.
The emergence of new features : a different understanding of the world, new views. And most importantly, the transition to an abstract concept of the world.
Development of skills : a person needs to strive to acquire new skills, abilities and knowledge, despite the fact that this leads to an increase in the complexity of the tasks facing him. It must constantly improve to keep up with demands.
Self-control : A person is controlled by his emotions, so he must learn to distance himself from them so that it does not affect his intellectual capabilities.

Rean concept

Russian psychologist Arthur Rean considers four basic criteria for a developed personality:

positive thinking and perception;
self-development;
tolerance;
responsibility.

Rean argued that personality is never fully formed, it is constantly evolving. But he sees this not as a tragedy, but as the opening of limitless opportunities for personal improvement.

A person must learn to successfully implement the resources, strengths and abilities at his disposal to achieve his goals, as well as actively master more global and significant values.

Allport concept

American psychologist Gordon Allport offers six main criteria for a developed personality:

Self-acceptance and tolerance towards others . A developed personality has its own strong beliefs and at the same time allows for the existence of a different point of view.
Strong social connections . A developed personality knows how to maintain close relationships and at the same time not interfere with others with his existence.
Expanding the self-concept . This is the activity of the individual, the purposefulness of his activities.
Unity of ideological views . A mature person has an idea of his life purpose.
Self-objectification . A person is able to be himself, be in harmony with his inner world and not play other people's roles.
Realistic perception, assessment of skills and task . A person should not be subject to momentary fads, but instead set a goal and achieve it.

Bozovic concept

Soviet psychologist Lidiya Bozhovich, a student of Lev Vygotsky, identifies two key criteria for a formed personality.

First criterion : the motives of such a person are inherently hierarchical. She is strong-willed and capable of indirect behavior (she is not controlled by impulses, but by rules, requirements and norms).

Second criterion : a person’s ability to consciously control and manage his behavior. This is only possible if he relies on his own motives, goals, aspirations and beliefs.

We wish you good luck!

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Circumstances of modern psychology

It is necessary to take into account the fact that in modern psychology there is no single idea about the subject of analysis of personality development, which means that there is no one generally accepted theory that would be confirmed by all specialists in this field. On the contrary, about a hundred years ago, the entire psychological science was divided into many schools and directions, each of which came up with its own analytical concept. Namely: with an understanding of the subject as a whole, with specific ideas about the individual components of mental reality and one’s own theory of personality analysis. However, the view on the concept of “individual development” differed in the same way. We rely on the tradition that is associated with the Moscow Psychological School, that is, with the establishment of Alexei Nikolaevich Leontiev. But despite this, one common feature can be identified: man is a common object for many different sciences. Each of them has its own purpose and method of personality analysis. In accordance with this, in man as a general object, each science distinguishes its own narrow subject.

Drawing tests

Man - determination of individual personality characteristics

The psychological present (central part) is ambiversion (balance in the characteristics of extra- and introversion).

The size of the figure is egocentrism, the desire to attract attention to one’s own person. Parts of the figure:. Head - the value of the intellectual principle, rational approach, spirituality

The priority of these values in the individual. Feeling smart or wanting to be smart

Head - the value of the intellectual principle, rational approach, spirituality. The priority of these values in the individual. The feeling of being smart, or the desire to be so.

Body - large body - tendency to exhibit an emotional and bodily type of reaction, insufficient awareness of one's behavior, desire for sensual pleasures. The priority of these values in the individual

Attention is also paid to emphasizing individual details

Legs, feet - the figure is stable - the person feels stable, resistant to stress, positive self-esteem.

Arms, hands - arms and hands are clearly drawn - the personality is active in establishing contacts, social confidence, success.

The face is drawn - acceptance of the image of the Self, awareness of one’s own individuality.

Gender is a normative situation—the gender of the person drawn corresponds to the gender of the author.

Age is an approximate age match.

A person of a different gender - reflects the characteristics of the author’s perception of people of a different gender.

The figure of a person in Figure No. 1 occupies more space and is felt as more significant in society than the figure of a person of the opposite sex. The person in Fig. No. 1 is perceived as more stable and self-confident.

The Man in the Rain is a projection of the author’s behavior during stressful situations.

The amount of rain is moderate, which means there are problems. A man shields himself from the rain with an umbrella, while dissatisfaction is reflected on his face - this means that he is not used to coping with stressful situations and is trying in every possible way to avoid them. However, support is present, but the legs are immersed in the water. The eyes are not hidden by glasses, which indicates the frankness of this person.

Family - diagnostics of intra-family relationships

The number of connections in the family corresponds to the number of characters. There are four of them. There are no people as such, but the presence of a father and mother, as well as two brothers, is clearly visible. The gender of the figures is easily distinguishable. The father has the greatest support in the family - he occupies the extreme left position and occupies the largest area of support. The mother in the family is “under control”

the male half of the family - father and son. There are no visible family connections between generations. However, the bond between parents is quite strong.

Conclusion.

Currently, psychology is becoming increasingly popular and relevant. Psychology is necessary for every person, because it helps you understand your problems, your character, and helps you make the right decision in a given situation.

Thus, in this work I tried to consider approaches to such a multifaceted concept as the concept of “personality”, and made an attempt to describe and analyze my psychological portrait of the individual.

Studying your own psychological portrait, in my opinion, is very useful. The tests I took helped me get to know myself better and identify my dominant abilities and character traits. I believe this will help me later in life. Now I know which aspects of my personality need to be developed, realized, improved, and which are better to get rid of. This will undoubtedly help me in communicating with different people (especially since my future profession involves working with people), in finding approaches to different people.

List of used literature:

Karelin A. Great encyclopedia of psychological tests. -M.: Eksmo, 2007.
practical psychology. Methodology and tests / Ed. D.Ya. Raigorodsky.
Laongard K. Accented personalities. — Rostov-on-Don, 1997.
https://www.psyline.ru/leongard.htm
https://www.bitnet.ru/psycho/kettel-test.html

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Nature

In the same situation, people behave differently. The difference in behavior is determined by temperament. It is the most important factor in constructing a portrait in psychology.

Psychology explains this term as the psyche of the individual, with the characteristics of the nervous system. This is the content, the intensity of psychological processes.

There are 4 types of temperament:

Melancholic people are soft personalities capable of empathy. Dreamy, withdrawn, vulnerable.
Phlegmatic people are patient, reliable, constant people who have good control over their behavior and desires. They cannot work in an energetic team; they need to find their own pace.
Cholerics are energetic, active individuals who have increased determination. The disadvantages include increased aggressiveness, conflict, and lack of patience.
Sanguine people are enthusiastic, cheerful people who love to make new acquaintances. The disadvantages include unreliability, frivolity, scatteredness.

Components of a psychological portrait

A psychological profile can be drawn up for yourself or to describe another person. But in any case, it includes the required components:

Temperament. Traditionally, temperament types are divided into sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, melancholic and determine a person’s behavior style.
Intelligence. Determines the ability to learn, adapt, and rationally think.
Character. These are stable behavioral characteristics that determine the attitude towards work, towards other people, towards oneself, towards things.
Ability to communicate. Includes verbal, non-verbal, semantic (meaningful) manner of communication.
Capabilities. General abilities include readiness to work, mental flexibility, adaptability, and productivity.
Emotionality. Or rather, the ability to manage and control your emotionality.
Self-esteem. This is an emotional and value-based attitude towards oneself, which is expressed in underestimated, overestimated, adequate self-esteem.
Directionality. It is based on the motivational-need sphere, which can be aimed at a task, at communication, at oneself.
Level of self-control. This is control of one’s own actions and influences, which includes emotional control and self-control of behavior.
Ability for group interaction. This is the ability to communicate, the ability to maintain a conversation, to find common topics or interests.

There are many methods for drawing up a psychological portrait, and it makes no sense to use them all at the same time. An HR manager can combine several techniques depending on the applicant’s future position. For example, for some specialties the priority is responsibility and stress resistance, while for others it is communication skills and the ability to persuade.

There are standard personal and professional questionnaires with which you can create a psychological portrait - an example of the questionnaire along with its transcript can be found in the public domain on the Internet and on our website. The most popular are:

Temperament type test
Perception type test
Test: Beck Depression Scale
Loneliness test
Test: child, adult, parent
Test: Self-Esteem Scale
Self-esteem test
Self Confidence Test
Self-doubt test
Freud's test

But the highest aerobatics is the psychological profile of the criminal, which is compiled by investigative profilers. After all, they do not receive information from tests, and often do not even go to the crime scene. Based on photographs, protocols, and expert reports, profilers make assumptions about the possible age, marital status, upbringing, and sexual maturity of the criminal, in order to then use these data to draw up a future algorithm of behavior.

Projective methods

They are characterized by a global approach to personality assessment. The subjects are asked to complete sentences, interpret pictures, and more. There are no wrong or right answers in this group of techniques; the range of solutions is quite wide. Personality is assessed by its “projection” in the answers.

Every science has its own diagnostic and research methods, and psychology is no exception. New methods are being studied and developed, and researchers are combining existing ones. All this in order to comprehensively study the object of interest and delve into such a complex system as a person.

Expressing emotions

Charles Darwin hypothesized that all homosapiens (Homo sapiens) have the same facial expressions, showing all six emotions.
Researcher Paul Ekman confirmed Darwin's hypothesis after conducting an experiment with Americans and Japanese. He observed people's emotions when watching a horror film. The Japanese behaved more restrained, due to cultural traditions of restraining their emotions. But in general, the pattern of fear on all faces was expressed the same way.

The experience of communicating with people allows us to create a psychological portrait of the personality of each interlocutor. But it is not easy to recognize, for example, the dissatisfaction that is hidden behind a person’s smile. Each emotion has manifestations that can be used to determine the true attitude of the interlocutor. Looking carefully at a face, we understand on an unconscious level what kind of person our interlocutor is and what can be expected from him. The face signals character, human basic emotions.