What is profiling and how to learn it: types, areas of application + examples from life

Hello everyone, dear readers! I think every person at least once in his life “turned on” Sherlock Holmes when he needed to determine or find out something. I have one friend from the “stop a galloping horse and enter a burning hut” category, who even caught a thief with her bare hands while on vacation. And then she proudly handed herself over to the police. There are people whom you don’t feed with bread - just let them dig into someone, uncover all the “skeletons in the closets.” And it’s great when it really brings benefits. For example, it is useful to detect a “rat” in a department or an unscrupulous accountant. It is useful to hire a person with a suitable set of personal characteristics that meet the requirements. In this article we will talk to you about what profiling is, why it is needed and how to get the necessary information about a person.

COMPLETE LIST OF HUMAN SKILLS

Definition

Profiling is a selection of psychological tools for assessing and predicting human behavior. This is a relatively new direction in psychology, where a trained specialist can analyze verbal and non-verbal personality traits, identify lies without a detector, and determine a person’s further behavior.

The blog already has an article How to recognize a lie: 10 mistakes of lovers of lies and effective ways to identify deception and others that will introduce you to personality psychology. Profiling is based on recognizing a person’s emotions and character. They can be recognized using tests to determine their psychotype, as well as by reading gestures, facial features, facial expressions, speech, and eyes.

What it is

Sometimes you can meet individuals who, almost at one glance, can understand what their opponent is like. And this is not a superpower, it is just observation and the ability to correctly analyze the manner of communication and other inconspicuous behavioral characteristics that reveal much more about the interlocutor than he himself would like to say. Some people read such information intuitively, while for others there is a scientific technology called “profiling”, the tasks of which include the study of implicit signals present in the communication behavior of each individual.

So what is profiling? Simply put, this is a set of methods that help analyze the character of individuals and predict a behavioral model based on various indirect signs (non-verbal signals). Typically, the profiling process involves creating a psychological profile that outlines key character traits.

True profiling assumes that there is an established relationship between a certain trait and the existence of a corresponding character trait. Having established the type of person, determining his individual psychological characteristics, a fairly accurate and detailed psychological profile is compiled, according to which specialists can relatively accurately predict the individual’s further actions, find weak points and select a technique for influencing or interacting with the subject being analyzed.

Profiling techniques were originally used by security at an Israeli airport. The profiler’s task was to analyze the behavioral model of passengers and identify potentially unsafe subjects with hidden weapons or ammunition. The implementation of the considered set of technologies has yielded positive results. Today this airport is considered one of the safest.

Further, personality profiling continued its development, complemented by the latest techniques and methods, and also began to be used in other areas - in business, forensics, consulting, and recruiting.

Profiling capabilities

Very interesting science. Some people think it's pseudoscience, but I'll give you some data where you can see how profiling has helped with serious problems. Let's dive a little into history.

Interestingly, this method has been used since the end of the 9th century. In 1888, it was first used by surgeon Thomas Bond from England, when he compiled a psychological profile of the serial maniac Jack the Ripper. Therefore, the first area where profiling was used was forensics.

Almost a hundred years later, in 1985, profiling techniques were used to identify and apprehend criminals who committed serious violent crimes. The methods were developed in the USA by Ressler and Brooks. And this direction works to this day and greatly simplifies the work of FBI employees.

This branch of psychology has been adopted by airline employees. You probably know that the favorite place of terrorists is the airport. During pre-flight inspection through questioning and observation of passengers, profiling methods have saved not a single aircraft from an on-board terrorist attack.

Now interested people around the world are learning profiling, since an experienced specialist can detect lies even while talking on the phone. Why not believe in such useful science? Who among you wouldn’t want to spot a scammer or a deceitful person right away?

Today, in Russia and neighboring countries, profiling is actively developing in the HR and security sectors. Specialists monitor the hiring of employees in the company, work with the psychological climate in the team, and the effectiveness of each employee.

The importance of this direction is difficult to overestimate. Profiling is used wherever it is possible to apply it. For example:

• in security, in order to timely identify and prevent illegal actions;
• in large companies, where serious negotiations are constantly carried out in order to spot the “set-up” and deception in time;
• in trading, to calculate discounts, bonuses and benefits for yourself;
• with numerous contacts with other people (administrators, reception staff, etc.);
• in psychology, so as not to bother with psychodiagnostics, but to immediately find out who is standing in front of you.

Personality types in profiling

As we noted above, profiling is interesting because it helps recruiters determine how suitable a candidate may be according to his personal characteristics and whether he can cope with the responsibilities that will fall on his shoulders after hiring.
For this purpose, typification is used, which is widespread in psychology thanks to the works of many researchers of human personality structure. In modern profiling, when typing personal characteristics, the following psychological types are distinguished:

Hysteroid

Such people can be seen from early childhood.
Surrounded by a large number of spectators, the child strives with all his might to attract the attention of the audience: he loudly recites poems at all holidays, standing on a high chair, enthusiastically sings songs, and happily shows off new outfits. He loves applause, his motto is: “the best spectators are admired spectators.” The hysteroid strives to constantly be in the center of attention, hence the main character trait is demonstrativeness. He longs for worship and veneration. At the same time, with age, he may develop such typical traits as a love of intrigue and demagoguery, a tendency toward hypocrisy, and increased selfishness. Inflated self-esteem and excessive touchiness may occur.

But, despite this, hysterics are often proactive, persistent and resourceful in achieving their goals. Their positive traits are communication skills, pronounced leadership and public speaking abilities. Recruiters who use profiling methods recommend hiring such people for leadership positions.

Epileptoid

Since childhood, the epileptoid has been thrifty with things and toys, and also reacts very sharply and even angrily to the “seizure” of his territory and disobedience. In the future, such people may become pedants and conservatives; if necessary, they can take on the role of a leader.

Among their positive traits, they are characterized by accuracy, diligence, reliability, as well as punctuality and attentiveness. In close communication, such a person can be barely tolerable, since he is less empathic towards others, he often does not care about the grief of others. In addition, he is extremely intolerant of disorder and violation of rules. Profiling experts recommend selecting epileptoids for the position of lawyer and tax inspector: in this role the person will feel most comfortable.

Paranoid psychotype

A paranoid psychotype is a person who does not know the phrase “goal not achieved” because the word “not” does not exist in his vocabulary.
Such a person is constantly evolving. Of course, it cannot be said that he is the same “follower” on Instagram who buys courses from all bloggers. Such people are often called nerds at school, and nerds at university. But unlike boring know-it-alls, this type can form an excellent team around itself that will achieve its goals.

The disadvantages of this type are stubbornness, virtually no feedback during work, as well as excessive negativism towards any criticism and underestimation of his work. Profilers note that people with this psychotype are in demand in the political sphere; they are often approved for the positions of directors, for example, of research institutes or experimental productions.

Emotive psychotype

This type of person constantly feels responsible for others. They constantly take to heart all the pains and failures of those around them, they are too compassionate towards others, which is why they are easily manipulated. People of the emotive type often pick up kittens on the street and take care of abandoned animals.

In the crowd they are modest, quite natural in their emotions and feelings. From the point of view of profiling, people with an emotive psychotype are recommended to be hired as designers, illustrators, volunteers and shelter workers.

Hypertim

People with this psychotype can be compared to the Soviet cartoon hero Winnie the Pooh.
He is an extroverted energizer who constantly tells fascinating stories, knows where the best pizza is and where the best places to go on the weekend are. To any of his own or someone else’s failure, he replies: “It’s okay, next time it will definitely work out!” However, in a leadership position, such traits may not always be beneficial, since the hypertim can quickly get bored with such work, since in this position there is no need to generate new ideas every day. Hypertim is more suited to creative creative work; he can easily come up with funny slogans or develop concepts for new video games. Creativity is everything for hyperteam.

On the plus side: he can always make friends with the most unsociable colleague and unite the not-so-friendly team. Hyperteams, according to HR people who use profiling in their work, will be good advertising agents, since they are responsible and efficient, easy to contact, and therefore can sell anything to anyone.

Schizoid

A schizoid is always in thought and analyzes all incoming information. Since childhood, his behavior has been different in that, unlike other children, he thinks a lot and speaks little. His ideas and solutions to problems are unconventional. Who, if not he, will come up with the idea of ​​gluing the curtain with tape to the wall so that the cat stops dropping flower pots?

For a schizoid, it is not the result that is important, but the process. Profiling notes that in business such a person can be a good analyst and generator of ideas. Such people often become journalists, translators, designers, and directors because of their unconventional, deep view of the world.

Anxious and suspicious psychotype

An anxious and suspicious person can make anyone doubt him at first glance.
He constantly cannot make up his mind, and the person who falls into his field may also begin to doubt along with him. The anxious and suspicious hero has a thousand doubts: “Is it worth playing chess today?”, “Which shirt to choose - red or crimson?”, “Is it worth staying at work until 19 o’clock today?” Anything can disable such a person and add additional anxiety to him, which leads to a rapid decline in performance. But not everything is so unequivocally bad: anxious and suspicious people are often quite persistent and demanding. If they have set a goal for themselves, they do not see any obstacles to achieving it. All tasks assigned to them will be completed on time.

HR specialists and profilers recommend hiring such people for the positions of document specialists, accountants or librarians, that is, for those positions where increased responsibility and scrupulousness in relation to work is needed.

Hypothymic psychotype

The hypothymic type is also often called the depressed-sad type. This person is unlikely to ever become the team's favorite. He won’t make toasts at corporate parties - most likely, he simply won’t come to them. He is not responsive by nature, loves to be alone, and also in the company of 3 friends: a Netflix series, a melancholic song in headphones and a favorite historical novel.

Hypothym is not sociable and rarely comes into contact with other people unless necessary. Such people are often called hypochondriacs. When meeting them, they give the impression of an intellectual who does not like platitudes.

One of the positive traits: such people know how to concentrate on their work. Profilers note that usually such people with arms and legs are taken to internal control services.

Cycloid psychotype

The cycloid's mood often fluctuates between euphoria and depression, which may depend on the time of day and season.
Cycloid, as noted in profiling, combines the characteristic features of hyperthymic and hypothymic, which manifest themselves depending on the current phase of mood. Such a person can be sociable and energetic, open and friendly at one moment, and become depressed and withdrawn at another moment. In the phase of low mood, they often go on sick leave and refuse contacts. But, as a rule, they quickly recover and return to their previous wave. The cycloid may often change jobs, but he treats his responsibilities fairly conscientiously. The period of apathy is accompanied by inactivity and a critically low level of initiative; even a favorite activity in this case can weigh on him. From a profiling point of view, the cycloid type is an actor, musician, blogger, creative figure. Calmness and tranquility during periods of “stagnation” are important to him, so a work option that is not tied to a strict schedule may be better suited.

Types of profiling and their characteristics

Reading people's behavior and emotional states is needed wherever there are people. Therefore, the main types are distributed according to areas of increased danger from criminals to civilians:

1. Aviation profiling is the identification by the behavior of passengers which of them has intentions to commit a terrorist attack, offense or hooliganism.
2. Zheleznodorozhny – prevention and control of crimes against people on railway transport, in station buildings, and in surrounding areas.
3. Hotel - crime prevention techniques in hotels and surrounding areas.
4. Criminal – drawing up a psychological portrait of the criminal’s personality for the relevant services.
5. Personnel – needed to identify candidates for a position and their compliance with the requirements. It is important that the specialist also checks the candidate’s past: criminal activities, debts, various types of addictions (gaming, drugs, alcohol).
6. Audit profiling is the work of a profiler (specialist) in an audit company. He studies not only documents, but also the personalities of employees.
7. Data profiling is necessary to prevent theft of funds.
8. Banking – needed to minimize losses when issuing loans to private legal entities.
9. Insurance – identifying fraudulent schemes in the work of an insurance company.
10. Family - determining the level of trust in a partner, developing a feeling that there is reciprocity in the relationship, there is no deception.

Research in the field of automation of profiling today has a different vector.

Profiling based on data from social networks is actively developing, and the analysis of speech and video continues to be improved. The SearchInform team and I are working in a unique direction - profiling based on text evaluation. The module will work as part of the KIB SearchInform DLP system and compile a psychological portrait of the user based on the analysis of the text he creates (messages in instant messengers, emails, comments on the Internet, etc.). The system analyzes the structure of the text and the essence in it, semantic coloring, and also conducts psycholinguistic analysis. As a result, the basic and current values ​​of a person, criminal tendencies and inclinations, the level of conflict, risks and much more are determined. The effectiveness of this technology, like any other, will not reach 100%, but it is absolutely possible to improve the methods to 90-95%.

Profiling tests

When I was not yet planning to enroll to study as a psychologist, I was always interested in taking tests, discovering something new and interesting in myself. And now I see more and more people who want to know about themselves. This is fine! The golden rule of psychology says: “Know yourself and it will be easier to understand others.” Psycho personality type tests help you understand yourself and find out why others behave the way they do.

1. What is your psychotype? The test helps to identify your abilities, predispositions, strengths and weaknesses of your character. Contains 36 questions. It will allow you to correctly use your resources in life and develop.
2. Myers-Briggs personality type test. The technique allows us to identify a person’s inclinations and characteristics. Defines basic worldviews and decision-making mechanisms.
3. Socionics. Test to determine personality type. You have to answer 28 questions. They determine your personality type, how you position yourself in society, the characteristics of your nervous system and interpersonal relationships.
4. Leonhard test. Determination of personality type online. The questionnaire consists of 88 questions and helps to thoroughly study the personality. It is used in professional research, as well as in criminology, psychology, and medicine.

Exercise No. 1

If the weather is bad outside and it is not possible to practice on real people, you can always use improvised means that can be found in every home - photographs and pictures with images of two or more people.

Looking at the picture, try to voice, at least mentally, the nature of the characters’ poses, gestures and facial expressions. Verbalize one image after another, devote any spare minute to this activity. The exercise will be completed when you have absolutely no difficulty verbalizing what you see.

How to learn profiling

As we have already decided, everyone wants to understand people! So now is the time to learn how to learn profiling. Often specialists are given only 3-4 minutes to study a person and create a portrait of his personality. And trained profilers cope with this using special methods.

Profiling technologies include several areas:

1. Primary study - establishing contact, briefly explaining to the person why the questions are being asked.
2. Inspection – recording a person’s appearance and behavior, special attention is paid to non-standard moments and deviations.
3. Drawing up a psychological portrait - identifying signs of fear, aggression, depression, focusing on personality traits.
4. Checking documents - detecting signs of forgery.
5. Conversation – standard questions to obtain the necessary information, especially regarding a person’s goals and plans.

These technologies address the area of ​​profiling where security needs to be ensured. In everyday life, there are also several techniques that help “read” a person on the spot.

TOZ (points of approximate freezing) in profiling is a technique for determining lies based on a person’s physiological reaction. This is a pause that occurs when a person thinks about what to say. When asked uncomfortable questions, he tenses up, thinks over the answer longer, freezes a little (his gaze stops, his breathing freezes, his movements “freeze”).

A lie is always a conscious choice, so in the TOZ a decision is made: to lie or not to lie. This is a kind of flag for detecting lies, but TOZ is not an exact guarantee of deception. This only indicates that the person was thinking whether to tell the truth or a lie. To determine TOZ, you need to ask a simple question, then a complex one: “What is your wife’s name?”, “Have you identified the shortage today?”

Determining personality type based on messages on social networks. This is a new direction that is just being developed. To achieve this, new technologies are being used that automatically determine a person’s psychotype.

So, we come to the training materials on creating a personality profile. To understand the secrets of personality and become more familiar with the techniques of “reading” a person, you can study the list of books on profiling. Literature will help you figure out what signs to recognize different human emotions.

There are also meaningful profiling training courses available. They help you learn not only theory, but also practice “reading” and understanding a person in practice.

Profiling - a course on reading people from Vikium. It consists of 20 lessons. Includes a set of practical methods for reading non-verbal words, tools for practicing new knowledge, simulators for recognizing microexpressions, tests that check the level of skill proficiency.

Will help:

1. Anticipate a person's actions in negotiations.
2. Identify fake emotions.
3. Recognize signals of deception at the non-verbal level.
4. Predict people's actions.
5. Detect deception in writing.

Cost – 990 rub. After completing the training, it will not be difficult for you to distinguish between attempts to manipulate and see through people.

IT profiler tools: today and tomorrow

Companies are striving to automate profiling: entrust a machine with collecting information about a person and, at least partially, analyzing it. On the one hand, this may slightly reduce the validity of the results, because the program cannot analyze as subtly as a person does. On the other hand, “digitalization” will minimize the number of errors. After all, no matter how experienced a profiler is, his opinion can be subjective.

The transition of profiling to IT has great prospects, but so far there is no single comprehensive tool. The difficulty is that to solve many problems, profiling currently uses test diagnostics, that is, the profiling object answers a number of questions. And IT solutions should be based on non-testing techniques. Although there are already some offers on the market. For example, Microsoft Azure recognizes emotions and voice, which is even better handled by the IBM Watson cognitive system. Noldus software does behavioral research, and FaceReader has made progress in facial assessment. Many corporations use similar technologies and have even begun to implement them at the federal level. For example, in Moscow, more than 160 thousand CCTV cameras were connected to the facial recognition system . There will certainly be an effect, because the technologies work with a fairly high degree of validity. But the problem is the sterility of the conditions: each development dictates its own requirements, for example, the camera must be at a certain distance, shoot from the desired angle and have a given resolution, a person’s face must occupy a certain area of ​​​​the recorded space. If some conditions are not met, the tool does not produce a result.

Examples and interpretation of gestures and speech

And here’s where the fun begins – let’s look a little deeper into human psychology. In the section of examples, I will reveal several secrets on the operational diagnosis of a person, how to understand that they are trying to “cheat” you.

It is important to remember that deception always entails a chain of gestures, so the veracity of the information cannot be judged by just one of them. So, a person is lying to you when he displays the following gestures:

• touches the tip of the nose - here it is the tip that matters, since other parts of the organ have a different meaning;
• uncontrolled movements of the hands near the face (stroking the lips, forehead, temples, chin, rubbing the eyelid, lips, covering the mouth with the hand);
• tries to maintain a distance from the interlocutor (leaning his body away from the person, stepping back, moving away, crossing his legs under the chair);
• quickly rubbing hands is just that, fast, because if a person does it slowly, then the meaning changes radically;
• he pulls his legs under him and taps them on the floor.

The following verbal signs may indicate hypocrisy:

1. Generalization of facts, concealment of essential details, presentation of information one-sided.
2. Only short sentences are heard in speech, so as not to forget all the adjectives and adverbs that were carelessly added.
3. A minimum of direct answers, constantly trying to evade: “I’m not the type to...”, “I think it shouldn’t be so one-sided...”
4. An abundance of peremptory remarks like “I won’t tell anyone...”, “I won’t do anything...”, thereby trying to make you trust him.
5. Changes the pace of speech, the hypocrite, pondering the presentation of information, slows down in his comments, and then, so as not to forget what he said, quickly speeds up.
6. Repeats your words, for example: “Were you in the cafe yesterday?” - “Was I in the cafe yesterday? Yes". This is done in order to adapt to you and reduce your vigilance.

These interesting data about liars and hypocrites can be useful to you in negotiations or when communicating with unfamiliar people.

And in addition, watch this interesting video:

Instructions from a profiler: how to find the culprit of an incident among employees

When an incident occurs in a company and it is not possible to invite a professional, use the instructions from a profiler with more than 10 years of experience:

Set aside half an hour and gather your employees together. First of all, explain the situation, what the problem is, what details of what happened you know, what the consequences will be. Explain in detail how you will understand the situation and what responsibility awaits the perpetrators. Explain what awaits those who help clarify the situation.

This is done in order to exert psychological pressure on those who are related to the incident and to reassure those not involved. During the process, please note: after about 15-20 minutes, innocent people will no longer be interested in what is happening. Their poses will be relaxed, their gaze will wander around the hall, looking at the landscape outside the window.

Some will rummage through their phones out of nothing to do.

Those you need will be on edge, carefully monitoring what is happening, the reactions of others and listening to you. The next stage is that you need to have a separate conversation with each of them to find out the reasons for such attention, recognize lies in the answers and understand true thoughts.

How to Conduct a Conversation to Identify a Cheater and a Liar

• Make it clear what the conversation will be about. Why, as the employee himself thinks, was he called for a conversation. What is his attitude towards the fact that he was called? What does he know about what happened?
• Go into more detail about the reasons. What, in his opinion, provoked the culprit to such an act. How would he conduct the investigation himself and what would he ask those he suspects?
• Involve him personally in the situation. Find out who he suspects. Did this person intentionally commit an offense or was it an accident. Why would he never do this himself? Why can't he be removed as a suspect?
• Clarify the employee's attitude towards the culprit. Let him tell us who he could definitely vouch for, other than himself. What punishment does the offender deserve? How does a guilty person feel, in his opinion? Can he be given another chance?

List of markers: guilty or not

The guilty person will struggle to “not understand” why he was called to this conversation. The mood will not be very friendly. They can change the topic, generalize what is already known in their answers. They may bombard you with counter questions. But an innocent person can also become indignant because you doubt his integrity. So be careful and don't make hasty conclusions.

An uninvolved person will usually calmly explain that he is most likely suspected because he was in the office at that moment. The culprit will sarcastically say that the questions are completely absurd, that you are wasting your and his time.

Also remember: if you announced in advance that individual interviews will soon take place, the perpetrator can prepare and calmly answer your questions. The speech will be structured logically and calmly. You will be able to hear verified, prepared answers. This is a marker that a person has prepared. This might be who you are looking for. If you know this employee well, you may notice words that were previously uncharacteristic of his speech.

Pay attention to how the person reacts. The reaction is usually very strong, because any deception is a stressful situation. If you play along and trust him, he will even calm down at first. The relief on your face may even give way to contempt that you are such a simpleton and they managed to deceive you.

FAQ

Will I be able to read people after learning profiling?

To “read” people, it is not enough just to read an intelligent book. To “scan” a person you need to know the basics of psychology and be able to observe. Only in this case will it be possible to find out about a person what he is hiding.

Is it possible to determine by gestures whether a person will set me up or not?

Will he set you up or won't you set him up, no gestures are shown. But, knowing the basics of profiling, you will be able to predict a person’s behavior: whether he is deceiving you, whether he is ready to sincerely communicate with you or not. This science provides such data.

Will knowing profiling make my life easier?

This knowledge is universal. And they really make life easier. Forecast and knowledge of human psychology help prevent some mistakes or, conversely, provoke him to openness. You need to develop and study profiling even for everyday life.

What qualities should a profiler have?

• good memory;
• attention to detail;
• ability to analyze;
• honesty;
• control of emotions;
• resistance to stressful situations;
• good speech and diction;
• intelligent manners;
• the ability to find an approach to people, talk, get the necessary information;
• good intellectual development;

Profilers must be versatile, be able to find an approach to people, and conduct a conversation correctly.

What a profiler should know

• interpersonal communication, negotiations
• nonverbal communication, gestures, microexpressions
• psychology and physiology, including personal, emotional, psychology of deception
• modern technologies

By the way, the profiler has quite a lot of colleagues with similar professions. If you find yours, it may be easier for you to gain a new skill and retrain.

These are professions such as:

• polygraph examiner
• psychiatrist, psychologist, psychotherapist
• teacher
• HR
• investigator, detective, security service, traffic police officer and other law enforcement officers

Summing up

In conclusion, it must be said that developing intuition is a labor-intensive task and requires constant training. Mental “tentacles” need to be launched into the very being of the people being read at any free moment - this is the only way the skills of interpreting body language will not be lost or fade.

If you can’t go outside, you can observe situations and people in them from the window. If you mistakenly assessed surprised eyebrows as sad, or made a hasty conclusion about a person’s low self-esteem, do not be upset, because you are just learning. It is important to remember that any novice specialist, be it a profiler or a biology teacher, builds the temple of his professional knowledge on the foundation of his own mistakes.

Exercise No. 2

After completing the first exercise, there is no need to throw photos and pictures into the far corner of the closet - they will still be useful, but for a different purpose.

Now you need to interpret the characters’ communication situation based on their body language. What do you think: what is the intensity of emotions in the image, what does each character feel, do the characters sympathize with each other, or do they treat each other coldly and try to sneak away at the first opportunity?

If the photo shows a calm conversation, try to determine which of the interlocutors is more inclined towards her, and which is secretly looking at the door.

Determine the degree of confidence or self-doubt of each character by the plasticity and poses. Remember to still verbalize what you see, incorporating what you already know about body language. Remember that ordinary 2D images are not as informative as a complete image of a real person, so do not be discouraged if something cannot be fully figured out.

Recommendations for using psychological profiling techniques

To get a reliable result, the profiler should adhere to the following algorithm:

1. Determine the basic model of the subject’s behavior. To do this, the profiler asks several abstract questions to which it is easy for a person to give a truthful answer. At the same time, the specialist notes his facial expressions, gestures, and peculiarities of sentence construction. These will be basic reactions when a person does not need to lie. They should be remembered.
2. The profiler moves on to more complex questions or phrases them in more pointed terms. When answering them, the subject’s behavior changes, he produces new facial expressions. If a person's behavior is fundamentally different from the basic model, this may indicate an attempt to conceal or misrepresent information.
3. Next in line are the most problematic questions or questions from the previous section, but in a different wording. The profiler requires the test taker to describe the problematic situation in detail by observing his behavior. The greater the deviation from the basic model, the more likely it is to lie.
4. Checking the correctness of the basic behavior model. To do this, the profiler returns to questions on a neutral topic. The person calms down and behaves in his usual way.
5. Checking the reasons for changing behavior patterns. There are two factors that influence a person's behavior during an interview: the desire to lie or natural excitement. Profiling techniques—observation of gestures and microexpression—will help to separate these two reasons. It is important for the test taker to use memorized phrases or habitual speech patterns. Deception is often indicated by a facial expression or look.

Profiling techniques are a tool-free method of identifying scammers and liars. To be effective, the profiler must understand psychology and record the smallest manifestations of the interlocutor’s emotions.

Exercise #5

This workout takes place among your friends and is a fun game.

In an informal and relaxed friendly atmosphere, try to evoke a certain bodily expression in those present. To do this you need to create the appropriate situation:

• if you want to cause facial expressions and gestures of confusion, ask an extremely idiotic, confusing question, which is impossible to answer due to its absurdity. Follow the emotional chain “mental tension – decision – bewilderment”;
• You can cause bodily manifestations of a person’s defensive position if, in a calmly flowing conversation, you express an opinion that is opposite to the views of the interlocutor and is slightly provocative. Argue and passionately defend your own position. You will provoke a real emotional fugue in which “traces” of defense will be replaced by “traces” of aggression;
• if your goal is to evoke an emotion of misunderstanding, then in this case you can give your friends a five-minute lecture about the achievements of genetic engineering. At first, you will be able to observe genuine interest in facial and plastic manifestations, then - an emotion of disappointment, and finally - total misunderstanding.

Be as tactful as possible; in an argument, do not get too personal with your friend, because training in intuitive “reading” is not worth friendship. Under no circumstances should conflict be allowed. It is advisable at the end of the planned meeting to notify your friends about the game and the “cunning plan”, thank them for participating in your little experiment and make amends with a tasty treat.