Why do people need speech? Speech situation

Incredible facts

For good relationships between people, it is extremely important to pay attention to your speech,

because it is the voicing of our thoughts and vibrations.

What is our speech like today? We pay almost no attention to the tone of the conversation and what words we use in speech. Expressing ourselves in dirty and abusive words, we forget what sublime speech is. By talking like this, we not only demonstrate the degradation of consciousness and our ignorance.

When we say rude words, the happiness and peace of the person who is inside does not increase at all, but on the contrary, they decline with great speed. In this way we release negative energy, and then we ourselves wonder why we have headaches so often.

Why do people need speech?

In our world, it is difficult to imagine communication without speech, both written (writing and reading) and oral (speaking, listening and pronunciation). Without its development it would be impossible to achieve the current level of development of culture and science. Accordingly, speech is vital for conveying your thoughts and desires to other people. By understanding each other, a person can significantly rise to the level of development in all areas: science and education, medicine and geography, knowledge and study of the surrounding world, and much more. It is difficult for a person to convey his understanding and skill without speaking. Thus, speech is the main way of expressing thoughts and the main mechanism of human thinking. Therefore, it is very important to try to improve your speech by filling your vocabulary with new literate expressions.

The importance of speech development

The process of speech acquisition, which actively develops at an early age, is revolutionary in human mental development. With the help of speech, all mental processes are restructured:

memory,
thinking,
imagination,
feelings,
emotions.

It is speech that helps a person manage his behavior, build imaginary situations, fantasize and be aware of his actions. It is speech that frees a person from external situational attachment, and builds peace in the inner plane of the individual.

A word is a special sign that carries a universal human meaning, which not only has a specific objective meaning, but also includes thoughts, images and abstract concepts.

Note 1

In the process of mastering speech, a person masters the existing sign system, which subsequently becomes a powerful tool for thinking, self-regulation and communication in general.

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Basic principles of oratory

Alexander Epstein says that the art of strong speeches consists of three main areas: clear, reasonable and free speech.

Clear speech is about technique : breathing, voice, diction, articulation. There are a lot of exercises and training in this direction on the Internet. Various tongue twisters, vocal and speech therapy techniques. You can, for example, work on your diction by using a wine cork. Everything is simple with this direction - it can be easily trained.

Types of eloquence

There are five main types of eloquence:

Socio-political type - diplomatic, socio-political, political-economic, parliamentary, rally and agitation speeches.
Academic view - scientific lectures, communications, abstracts, seminars and reports.
Judicial view - speeches of the actors in trials: lawyers, prosecutors, judges.
Theological eloquence or spiritual appearance - parting words, sermons, solemn speeches of a church orientation.
Social and everyday types of eloquence - table, anniversary, holiday or memorial speeches.

Proper use of rhetorical questions

1. The most important thing is to formulate the question correctly.

It should be simple, without adding confusing terms.

2. It is necessary to completely eliminate any ambiguity from speech

and any misunderstanding. First of all, there should always be clarity, structure and complete clarity of what is happening.

These questions, in a categorical sense, require a completely clear pronunciation

, which is desirable to be accompanied by certain gestures and facial expressions.

You should always think in advance what effect should occur.

from one or another rhetorical question.

It is best if this effect is applied at the very beginning of the performance.

, then it will be possible to attract attention and awaken the audience.

If you want to make some kind of well-remembered conclusion, then try to ask your rhetorical question directly at the end of the speech

. In this case, it will be a very effective finishing point.

Black rhetoric

Black rhetoric - what is it? This is a demagogic technique that allows you to instill in your opponents a point of view that is unusual for them.

Language means have a magical power, which implies the ability to provide the necessary arguments, conduct a discussion, put emphasis, advocate and argue.

The speaker must prove that he is right. Black rhetoric has techniques that are contained in the rules.

Expressing an idea that is important. There is no need to repeat the same phrases. They cause irritation, doubt and suspicion in the listener. Try to convey information using literary devices.
Ask the right questions. The rule of communication is that whoever asks the most questions is in charge of the conversation. In black rhetoric, such a technique will be a losing one. If you want to ask a question, you need to think about it. The answer will depend on how the question is posed.
Right answers. Let us note this point: the truth must always be told, but it is not necessary to always tell the truth.
This suggests that you need to answer the right questions appropriately. If you are uncomfortable answering, then carefully avoid answering.
Keep the initiative. If you lose the initiative during a conversation, you will lose your reputation with the listener. There is no need to rely on the politeness of the listener; stop rudeness and rudeness.
A prolonged pause and silence. During this period, you have the opportunity to remember your arguments, but your opponent may have doubts.

Functions and purpose of speech

Researchers who study the role of speech in society distinguish two functions - intellectual and communicative. Communicative speech is communication between people to exchange information or encourage action. You need to give the right meaning to the message so that the listener has the right emotions. Intellectual speech is a means for expressing and forming thoughts using words. A word is a unit of thinking that has a certain meaning.

The transmission of thoughts is the main purpose of verbal meanings, it occurs with the help of tone, facial expressions, selection of words, expressions, intonation and imagery.

Naturally, thoughtful speech goes through several stages of structuring. So, how does human speech work, how does it form:

inner speech (a person thinks about how to convey a certain thought);
choice of phrases, formation of beliefs;
selection of individual words, composing sentences;
reproduction of generated text using sound signals.

Historians believe that speech appeared about 2 million years ago, when people developed a speech apparatus. Now there are many branches of science that study speech. For example, psycholinguistics, which studies the relationship between conversation and consciousness and language.

The term “speech” was introduced into our vocabulary by psychologist J.R. Cantor. And when his student, the American G. Pronko, used the term in his article “Language and Psycholinguistics,” it became very popular. Also, a huge contribution was made by N. Chomsky, who described the work of language in the formation of phrases and sentences.

Russian psychologist L. S. Vygotsky studied the sequence of decisions before voicing a word:

motivation;
the appearance of thought;
constructing phrases;
choice of words;
implementation.

What does science study?

The subject of rhetoric, as a science, includes methods of forming useful oral and written speech, as well as the process by which thoughts are transformed into speech.

In order to determine the tasks of rhetoric, it is necessary to know about its main directions. There are two of them:

Logical, in which the main aspects are the ability to convince the listener and effectively present information.
Literary, in which the most important elements are the richness and attractiveness of words.

Taking into account the fact that in this science these directions are combined, real rhetoric sets itself the task of making speech correct, convincing and expedient. Having defined what rhetoric is and why it is needed, there is no doubt about its necessity in the life of a person, especially those engaged in public activities.

Is it important to speak competently?

The debate about what a person’s speech should be like arises quite often in the scientific pedagogical environment. This problem worries both the younger and older generations. Most people are still inclined to believe that a language should be literate, that is, beautiful.

The ability to speak correctly is not born with a person. This skill needs to be learned. The process of language acquisition begins in preschool childhood and continues throughout life. Desire alone is not enough to achieve results. It will take some effort and a lot of time.

A person who has mastered the art of speaking always makes a good impression; he stands out favorably from those around him. The figures of speech used indicate the level of his culture. It is believed that a person who knows how to control the flow of words, phrases, and sounds is able to control his mind.

So, mastery of the correct beautiful language with a positive connotation is a huge human dignity.

Reasons for violations

Having figured out what kind of speech happens when the articulatory apparatus is not working properly, it is worth paying attention to the reasons that could influence the problems that have arisen. And the sources of violations are very diverse.

One of the reasons that causes a malfunction of the speech organs is various types of injuries that the child could receive during childbirth or in the first years of life. This reason can be classified as the most severe. No less serious is the one that relates to hereditary predisposition.

In addition, speech disorders can occur due to insufficient development of phonemic hearing, which leads to the child’s inability to fully perceive spoken phrases. A child’s stay in a certain speech environment also significantly affects the level of language development.

His parents and close environment can have a great influence on the development of a child’s ability to speak, listen, read or write. For example, replacing live communication with watching TV will certainly lead to a delay. If adults do not pay attention to visible defects, believing that the problem will go away on its own, this can cause a significant delay in speech development.

What are the goals of speech exercises?

Tasks aimed at language development can be completed together with a teacher, independently or in a group. The exercises suggested below also give an understanding of correct speech.

So what should it be like? Good speech is distinguished by conciseness and a rich vocabulary. The use of expressive means only embellishes the language.

Where speech defects are eliminated

Before correcting deficiencies, the specialist to whom the patient turned is obliged to establish the causes of the difficulties that have arisen. The methods and techniques that will be used in the work depend on them.

If the development of speech is affected by neurological abnormalities or they are associated with an abnormal structure of the articulatory organs, then, in addition to a speech therapist, a surgeon or neurologist will be required. An integrated approach to working with people with speech development disorders gives the greatest effect.

Speech therapy classes with a child can be conducted by specialists in schools and kindergartens. Similar offices are opened at children's clinics or child development centers. The speech therapist conducts classes using numerous methods, techniques and techniques. The exercises are aimed at developing the articulatory apparatus, motor skills, and the child’s ability to observe, compare, analyze, and express his emotions.

Parents provide enormous assistance in overcoming the child’s speech difficulties by working with him at home. Doctors and teachers, having explained to adults what a child’s speech might be like during regular classes, give specific tasks. All recommendations must be followed. Only with this approach can you get a lasting positive result.