Social adaptation of children is understood as a specially organized continuous educational process of a child’s adaptation to the conditions of the social environment through his assimilation of the rules and norms of behavior accepted in society. If we are talking about children with psychological trauma, orphans and the disabled, then special measures of social adaptation and rehabilitation are needed that can ensure these categories of children not only enter society, but also realize their creative and working potential.
The concept of social adaptation of children
Social adaptation is the adaptive ability of individuals to change their behavior depending on changes in the social environment.
Note 1
Social adaptation of children is a continuous, specially organized process of adaptation of a child to the social environment through the assimilation of certain norms and rules of behavior established in a given society.
Orphans, disabled children, children with psychological trauma are especially in need of special measures of social rehabilitation and adaptation that can ensure their painless entry into society, as well as the realization of their working and creative potential.
Social adaptation is carried out through a functional system of adaptation mechanisms. Exceeding the adaptive capabilities of this system leads to the development of pathological adaptation. Social adaptation may be accompanied by emotional or mental stress.
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Adaptation to the world from birth to one year
While still in the mother’s tummy, the baby “gets used” to the limited space and after birth needs an equally limited state. He calms down in his mother’s arms, in a tight diaper, next to his chest (the halo of which smells like amniotic fluid). That is, in order to “come to your senses” you need to feel yourself in an environment close to the previous one - then there will be an understanding - I AM SAFE.
After one and a half months, the child looks around the room with interest... in the arms of his mother. This is still an important condition for his adaptation in a large space - to be close to safety.
Then he begins to crawl, not far from his mother and loved ones. He can independently study the things he likes, looking around so that the “fulcrum” is nearby. No? Scream!
Walking on the street, a mother puts her child on the ground for the first time. No matter how interested he is in the birds in the yard, the swing, or other children, he will not stray far from his mother. He looks at all this, “gets used to it”, gets used to it. Day after day, the baby will move further and further - study and interact with everything that comes his way, knowing that in case of danger, pain, he will find where to return.
Do you get the point? The main thing in adaptation is a sense of security. If it is not there – fear, panic, hysteria.
Social adaptation of preschool children
Most children, having reached 3-4 years of age, begin to attend preschool institutions - a new and unknown environment. The beginning of visiting a nursery is associated with the need to adapt to a new social environment, establish contacts with unfamiliar children and adults, and develop adaptive mechanisms.
A clear daily routine, certain responsibilities and requirements come as a surprise to the child, which causes stress.
Lack of preliminary preparation for visiting preschool institutions can cause a number of reactions of a neurotic nature in a child: emotional disturbances, development of a feeling of fear of kindergarten, deterioration of appetite, sleep disturbances, and increased incidence of diseases.
Social and psychological adaptation in children occurs differently and depends on age, type of higher nervous activity, health status, characteristics of family upbringing and relationships between its members, contact, goodwill, level of development of gaming skills, emotional dependence on the mother.
Finished works on a similar topic
Course work Social adaptation of children 470 ₽ Abstract Social adaptation of children 270 ₽ Test work Social adaptation of children 250 ₽
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A child’s social adaptation to a preschool institution largely depends on moral and physical preparedness for changes, and on the type of higher nervous system. Thus, in sanguine and choleric people adaptation occurs faster than in melancholic and phlegmatic people.
Social adaptation is significantly hampered by factors such as:
- social incompetence;
- emotional inadequacy;
- unsocialized aggression;
- resistance to the educational and educational process;
- Poorly developed or absent skills for behavior in unfamiliar places;
- lack of experience communicating with other children and unfamiliar adults.
To soften the process of social adaptation, it is necessary to accustom the child to the correct daily routine, teach the art of communication, encourage the child’s independence, in a preschool institution take an individual approach to working with each child, and create a cozy and supportive atmosphere in children’s groups.
Parental fears
“Most parents and the society that surrounds them (both children and parents) raise their children based on fears. That is, they take actions that are not aimed at the specific result they want to get, but do something so as not to get a negative result. I don’t know if the depth of this thought is clear, but it is fundamental in my picture of the world. I even voice it before unconditional love and security.
There are maternal expectations and there is maternal intention. Expectation is a vision of a picture of the future based on fears. Intention is a vision of the future based on faith. Which part of the person (child) you turn to, that is the part that answers you.
If you think he is angry and aggressive, he will answer you. If you think that it is adequate, over time you will get a dose of this part, even if it has gone far. The power of intention works wonders not only in visualizing desires.
Entering society
In the family, the child communicates not only with his parents, but also with relatives, neighbors, friends, and often goes with his mother to the store or clinic. These are the first people he interacts with outside the apartment. It is very important that he sees that his parents treat them kindly - then these are “safe” people.
Then there is acquaintance with peers, first friendship, children's games... Parents should control this communication, but unobtrusively, without showing their role.
The child must learn to build relationships on his own, and the role of mom or dad is to catch in time the moment when something went wrong and correct it. Under no circumstances should you solve problems for your child; you can only help him, but not replace him.
It is important to create conditions for the child to communicate with peers: kindergarten, playground, children of friends. Interaction with relatives is important, but the social world is much wider than even the largest and most friendly family.
Early years
Immediately after birth, a person “communicates” with a small number of people: mainly only parents, their close friends and relatives. At this time, safety is paramount.
The child knows his parents well, so he feels protected in their arms. This factor should be used to show him the world around him: carry him around the apartment, street and other surrounding places more often. Then the child studies the world, begins to intuitively understand it, but at the same time is not afraid of new things, because he knows that his mother is nearby and is not afraid, which means that nothing from the environment is hostile.
It would seem that these are insignificant actions, but in fact they are important for human development, because the child’s psyche is not at all the same as that of adults, and he has no life experience at all, so it is necessary to organize an acquaintance with the environment where he will live.
The same is with the child’s first steps and independent walks: to make him feel comfortable, you should hold his hand or at least not go far - then he will explore the world without fear.
Correction of social maladjustment
In childhood, the main directions for correcting social maladjustment of the individual should be: development of communication skills, harmonization of interpersonal communication in the family and in peer groups, adjustment of certain personality traits that impede communication, or transformation of the manifestations of traits in such a way that in the future they cannot negatively affect communication. sphere, adjusting children’s self-esteem to bring it closer to normal.
Currently, trainings that are especially popular in the correction of social maladaptation are: psychotechnical games aimed at developing various mental functions that are associated with transformations in consciousness, and role-playing socio-psychological training.
This training is aimed at resolving the internal contradictions of the subject in the conditions of developing certain skills in performing specific social functions (formation and consolidation of the necessary social and cultural norms). The training takes place in the form of a game.
Main functions of the training:
- training, which consists in the development of skills and abilities necessary for learning, such as: attention, memory, reproduction of received information, foreign speech skills;
- entertaining, serves to create a more favorable atmosphere during the training, which transforms training into an exciting and entertaining adventure;
- communicative, which consists in establishing emotional contacts;
- relaxation – aimed at relieving emotional stress;
- psychotechnical, characterized by the formation of skills to prepare one’s own physiological state in order to obtain more information;
- preventive, aimed at preventing unwanted behavior;
- developmental, characterized by the development of personality from different sides, the development of character traits through playing out all possible situations.
Social-psychological training consists of a specific psychological impact, which is based on active methods of working in groups. It is characterized by the intensity of the individual’s preparation for a more fulfilling and active life. The essence of the training is specially organized training for the purpose of self-improvement of the individual’s personality. It is aimed at solving such problems as: mastering social and pedagogical knowledge, developing the ability to know oneself and others, increasing ideas about one’s importance, and developing a variety of abilities, skills, and abilities.
Training is a whole complex of sequential classes with one group. Tasks and exercises are selected individually for each group.
The child is initially good.
All his motives and motivations are initially correct, aimed at satisfying his needs. Adults, so wise and intelligent, whom they initially trust and WANT to listen to, must understand the true needs of the child and provide opportunities for their implementation or show the way how to take these opportunities yourself.
In general, the good-bad rating system is very relative. When I ask parents: “What do you want to get in the end?” I hear - kind, obedient, purposeful, independent and blah blah blah. A sort of Plus Plusovich Plusov. Another excellent student in combat and some other training. Let's go from the other side.
Kindness borders on sacrifice. Purposefulness with meanness, obedience with humiliation. And the line is very thin. Every coin has two sides.
The child has no “bad” manifestations. There are adequate and inadequate. All human qualities are given to man as tools for interacting with this world.
I repeat – there is no good and bad, there is adequate and inadequate.
Greed is a wonderful quality when you need to defend yours. You also need to be able to lie when you keep secrets, for example. And which of you has never lied in your life? At least to yourself))) What else? Aggressiveness? When you need to protect yourself and your loved ones, it’s not a sin to punch them in the face.
All “bad” qualities are not actually bad. And not good ones. They are nothing. They simply exist in fact in our dual world. But their use may simply be inadequate.
Well, now the child... The child is initially good, as we have indicated. And he learns to live in this world. He learns by using all the tools available to him to interact with him and chooses those with the help of which he achieves quick and effective results, according to his goals.
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Healthy lifestyle of a preschooler.
Children's health problems.
In childhood, the foundation of a person’s personality and his destiny are laid. According to scientists, nowadays, more and more often, along with children with a balanced psyche and harmonious character, there are children who are emotional.
Consultation for parents of young children about adaptation to a preschool institution.
“Social adaptation of preschool children. Problems and solutions."
Social adaptation of preschool children. Problems and solutions. Social adaptation is the child’s entry into a group of peers (social group, acceptance of norms, rules of behavior of beings.
Admission to a preschool institution is always accompanied by certain psychological difficulties for a child. These difficulties arise due to the fact that the baby is moving out of sign.
Source: https://nsportal.ru/detskiy-sad/raznoe/2016/02/14/sotsialnaya-adaptatsiya-detey-doshkolnogo-vozrasta-problemy-i
